Credit Analysis On Credit Risk

Liquidity Risk: The liquidity risk of Telstra can be analysed from the help of these two ratios

Liquidity ratios measure the capability of a business to cover expenses and meet its current and long-term responsibility. These ratios are imperative in order to keep the business alive. Lending institutions are typically unwilling to loan money to a business that finds itself in a cash flow jam, because that is often a sign of poor management. The liquidity is measured with 3 different ratios; current ratio, turnover – of – cash ratio and debt- to equity ratio.

1. Liquidity ratios are a class of financial metrics that is used to determine a company's ability to pay off its short-terms debts obligations. Generally, the higher the value of the ratio, the larger the margin of safety that the company possesses to cover short-term debts.

However, this trend has shifted since then, and now most credits are being awarded by non-banks such as Quicken Loans, PHH Mortgage and loanDepot (Lerner, 2017). This shift is due to the qualifications one needs to acquire a loan. Some banks require a good credit history, documents stating the amount of money earned by an individual and social security number to award loans. These, however, unlike in the past, loans and mortgages are guided by zero-tolerance to defaulting and on a policy of one hundred percent compliance (Lerner,

Second, the nature of cash is liquid. As a liquid asset, cash is susceptible to being stolen, embezzled, and misappropriated at a greater rate than other assets. So cash has a higher inherent risk.

The financial crisis emerged because of an excessive deregulation of business operation of financial institutions and of abusing the securitization mechanism in the absence of clearly defined rules to regulate this area in the American mortgage market (Krstić, Jemović, & Radojičić, 2013). Deregulation gives larger banks the opportunity to loosen underwriting lender guidelines and generate increase opportunity for homeownership (Kroszner & Strahan, 2013). After deregulation, banks utilized many versions of mortgage loans. Mortgage loans such as subprime and Alternative-A paper loans became available for borrowers challenged to find mortgage lenders before deregulation (Elbarouki, 2016; Palmer, 2015). The housing market has been severely affected by fluctuating interest rates and the requirement of large down payment (Follain, & Giertz, 2013). The subprime lending crisis has taken a toll on the nation’s economy since 2007. Individuals who lacked sufficient credit ratings or down payments resorted to subprime mortgages to finance their homes Defaults on subprime and other mortgages precipitated the foreclosure crisis, which contributed to the recent recession and national financial crisis (Odetunde, 2015). Subprime mortgages were appropriate for borrowers with substandard credit and Alternate-A paper loans were

Is that make loans or buy bonds with long maturities are relatively more exposed to credit risk. Foreign exchange risk, is the risk that exchange rate changes can affect the value of an FI’s assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. FIs can reduce risk through domestic-foreign activity. Liquidity risk, is the risk that a sudden and unexpected increase in liability withdrawals may require an FI to liquidate assets in a very short period of time and at low prices. Can be day-to-day withdrawals by liability holders are generally predictable. And are usually large withdrawals by liability holders can create liquidity

Yes, market perception of liquidity is more important for an investment bank than for traditional manufacturing or distribution business. In terms of liabilities, most investment banks fund themselves in the interbank markets where they borrow money from each other, and this type of funding is usually short-term. The assets on the investment bank balance sheet are generally more long-term. Therefore, it is essential that these investment banks have enough liquidity in their assets to compensate for the maturity mismatch between their assets and liabilities. When investment banks, like Bear Stearns, were being funded in the interbank market while holding illiquid mortgage backed securities, the perceived illiquid situation would trigger the phenomenon of “run on the banks” as the others banks doubted their ability to pay back liabilities in time. Institutions will start to stop lending and ask for money which will increase liquidity need with limited methods to fund for this need.

Liquidity represents a company’s ability to pay its short-term obligations. In the following schedule is the calculation of the ratios that are indicators of the liquidity position of a company.

Liquidity ratios measure the short term ability of a company to pay its obligations and meet their needs for maintaining cash. According to Cagle, Campbell & Jones (2013), “A good assessment of a company’s liquidity is important because a decline in liquidity leads to a greater risk of bankruptcy” (p. 44). Creditors, investors and analysts alike are all interested in a company’s liquidity. After computing liquidity

These brokers have neither the credit skills nor the interest to conduct proper payment due of potential homebuyers. Their interest is only in selling the houses as fast as they can. The MBS instruments allowed all financial institutions to transfer the risks to other investors. The dissociation of ownership of assets from risks encouraged poor credit assessment and was fundamental increasing the risks.

Liquidity ratios measure the ability of a firm to meet its short-term obligations. A company that is not able

Mortgage fraud - Misrepresentation of loan application data and mortgage fraud are other contributing factors. US Department

The liquidity ratios are a group of ratios that show the relationship of a firm’s cash and other current assets to its current liabilities. This basically means that the ratios measure how well the company is able to pay its short-term obligations and how well they can confront unexpected needs for cash.

Assets come in many forms, differentiating in their liquidity. Liquidity, by definition, is how easy an asset can be traded (Hertrich, 2015). Different assets have different abilities to be traded, cash being the easiest; hence cash is the most liquid asset. This causes price differentiation, where more liquid assets have higher price tags and lower trading costs (Hertrich, 2015). This makes more liquid assets more attractive for investors. When assets have low liquidity there are risks involved for investors because there is a chance that the asset cannot be turned into cash when needed. Liquidity risk calculates the difficulty of selling an asset in return for cash (Currie, 2011). Liquidity risk is associated with low liquidity; hence there is a negative relationship between liquidity and liquidity risk (Hertrich, 2015). This implies that the higher the liquidity risk of the asset, the less the possibility the asset can be traded.