Credit Rating Agencies Essay

JPMorgan Chase is one of the oldest financial services company dating back over 200 years. It has $2 trillion in assets and operations in more than 60 countries. JPMC’s corporate strategy is it provides services and products in major capital markets. JPMorgan Chase, well known nationally and globally, is leading in investment banking, financial services for consumers, small business and commercial banking, financial transaction processing, asset management, and private equity.

After the American Revolution which took place between 1775 to 1783 the number of securities increased dramatically. The amount of shares being bought grew so large that brokers had to organize in order to handle the growing volume. In 1800 the

The panic of 1907 and the Great Recession of 2007-2009 has both been major economic events in the United States economic history. This paper compares and contrasts these two major events and enables us to understand importance of certain financial institutions and regulations during troubled times in the financial sector. In this paper, both panics of 1907 and 2007 are historically analyzed and compared.

The United States has some of the largest financial markets worldwide (Commerce.gov, n.d.). These financial services, aid, in the financing of manufactured goods and agricultural products which are exported (Commerce.gov, n.d.). There are several advantages for investment in the financial services of the United States (Commerce.gov, n.d.).

Across the United States, high school students can encounter a variety of issues that hinder their ability to successfully complete course work to earn the required credits towards graduation. High schools across the United States have an obligation to ensure that students are achieving and receiving a diploma. It is also in the school’s best interest to ensure students are gradating both funding wise and for the overall school rating. When a student does not receive a high school diploma the action affects the student, community and the school. High school dropouts may find it harder to obtain a job that would provide a stable and productive income verses a high school graduate thus, the financial disadvantage in turn can cause

The American financial system before the Federal Reserve came along in 1913 was tragic. With the economy on the rise, growing

This evaluation is focused on a school district with 3, 000 high school students in New Jersey. The statistics were gathered from the student management system for this school district the 3,0000 high school students attend two high schools {High School “A” and High School “B”} during the 2014-15 school year. The racial makeup consists of: high school “A”, 78.6 percent of students identified as white, 14.8 Hispanic, 3.3 percent black and 2.7 percent Asian. At high school “B”, 82.8 percent of students were white, followed by 8.4 percent Hispanic, 5.5 percent black and 2.6 percent Asian. The overall graduation rate at High School “A” was 80 percent, and at High School “B”, 87 percent of students graduate.

Every federal financial agency is required to comply to regulation by utilizing an assessment to monitor credit-worthiness of the money market security in reference to credit rating review. The SEC office of credit rating ensures agencies conforms to reality with truth to prevent credit rating agencies from providing the misleading rating in favorable to investors which affect judgment (Credit Rating Agencies). The SEC is responsible for ensuring financial agency follow through with the truthfulness of the credit rating as this would affect and direct investor's

Here, in the United States, finance can be broken up into many sections. In the late 1800’s and early 1900’s these sections included Railroad, Public Utility, and Industrial Finance. The United States had started a revolution of innovation in this ti,e period with the emergence of railroads. As the industry grew, companies started seeing the possibility of railroads spreading from coast to coast rather than local transportation. “Railroads’ relatively small demand for capital was met without bond issues and did not require the integration of the local secutires markets.”(18) They found that a more broad security market was in their favor in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). In 1887, the Interstae Commerce Act was a response to the fear of

The Australian financial system evolved in five stages. The first stage was the introduction of financial institutions during the early colonial period in the 19th Century, where the influence of British institutions was a key driving force. The end of that period was marked by the 1890s depression which saw a major rationalisation of Australia’s financial institutions. The start of the modern era of financial regulation can be traced back to the introduction of banking legislation in 1945 and the establishment of Australia’s first central bank.

Beside internal factors, we examine the external factors, Opportunities and Threats, of KBRA. The incumbent credit raters’ fail in the financial crisis gave an opportunity for new rating agencies like KBRA. After the financial crisis, the government and the investors realized the importance of appropriate corporate credit rating. The government might tend to subsidize newly-established rating organizations and create new regulations for credit rating in order to eliminate the oligopoly of three big financial agencies. KBRA benefits from such environment. Also, it is easier for small or new rating agencies like KBRA to apply a new revenue model under revised regulations.

Rating agencies also had a strong motivation to compete for market share by catering to their clients. In 2000, Moody’s became an independent, publicly owned firm after being released by its parent company, Dun & Bradstreet. This placed even more pressure on Moody’s managers to increase revenues and improve their shareholder’s returns. (Lawrence, p. 456) From this point on, we begin to see the credit rating agencies drastically underestimate the risks of mortgage-backed securities in a selfish attempt to further their own bottom lines. The birth of structured finance came from new techniques of quantitative analysis used by Wall Street investment banks, and suddenly, Moody’s was not just evaluating corporate, municipal, state and federal government bonds. Structured finance consisted of combining income-producing assets—everything from conventional corporate bonds to credit card debt, home mortgages, franchise payments, and auto loans—into pools and selling shares in the pool to investors. (Lawrence, p. 456)

Whilst a critical part of consumer spending, credit card companies are constantly accused of malicious legal contracts and schemes to increase profits. Without heavy regulation, these companies have the power to bankrupt millions of Americans that rely on credit cards in their daily lives. However, after the introduction of The Credit Card Act of 2009, these accusations represent an inability to accept responsibility for financial blunders on the consumer’s behalf. Due largely in part to the government’s strict regulations, credit card companies should not be at fault for the student credit card debt crisis. Credit card companies remain blameless for student credit card debt as a result of

So it is also attractive for Jules Kroll to take this opportunity to enter the credit rating industry. In addition, the “issuer pays” model, which used by the big three rating agencies, lets companies shop around for the best ratings, putting pressure on the agencies to inflate their grades. As a result, it is very difficult to argue that they can adequately represent the users’ side. Therefore, Jules Kroll wants to use another model that can assign unbiased and reliable ratings.

Lending evaluations by Santander are based on credit background of the person (or company) who wants borrow. Through the development of a credit-approval system, Santander Consumer Finance increased an understanding into these clients on an online database which allowed for the use of real time analysis in determining interest rates for the business interactions.