Criminal Investigators and Interrogations-Interviews

In the Criminal Justice system, the main goal is justice or in other words, a fair consequence to match a criminal action. An obvious, yet unmentioned underlying goal is to prevent injustice. Many times, justice prevails, and this is why our system prevails today. However, when justice fails, it is key to look at the information offered in order to better the system and to repay those that have been failed by it. One area that has shown itself as flawed is the area of interrogations though many other areas will be presented throughout this paper as well. By examining five cases involving questionable interrogation and showing other system flaws, I will enlighten others as to how our justice system handles its flaws, and hopefully I will

transpired. They may even provide a reason as to why the suspect did it to get them to confess (Johnson, 2017). Because of its accusatory nature interrogations can become hostile and tense. The interrogator might get very close to the suspect by invading the personal space of the suspect to make the suspect feel that there is privacy and the suspect can confess freely. For this reason, interrogations are also typically done by law enforcement officials.

Many of today’s interrogation models being utilized in police investigations have an impact on false confessions. The model that has been in the public eye recently is the social psychological process model of interrogation known as the “The Reid Technique.” There are two alternatives used by the police today to replace the Reid Technique, one is the PEACE Model and the other is Cognitive Interviewing. These methods are not interrogation techniques like Reid but interview processes.

The most known is the Reid Technique, which is the one we see in murder and crime shows. In the article "How Police Interrogate Murder Suspects." The article describes the Reid Technique as “an accusatory method that relies on signals like anxious body language to assess lying.” (The Guardian). The Reid technique is most common in tv dramas. It portrays suspects being interrogated in a dark room and accused of the crime, while the investigators reveal all the evidence and throw different questions every five seconds. While this technique may work for our favorite t.v. cops, in the real world some are unsure of the effects. Saul Kassin, a professor of psychology has his doubts about the Reid method and argues that, “...the Reid technique can increase the risk of false confessions, especially among young suspects or those with mental health issues.” (The Guardian). While this could be proven to be true, Mr. Kassin doesn’t have to worry. Investigators apply the method most effective for each individual case. One new technique, proven to make the suspects share more information, is called the HIG. Robert Kolker, an investigative journalist says, “...it barely feels like an oppositional interrogation at all. You're there to talk very, very little and to listen a lot and hopefully get the person to say so much that they end up contradicting verifiable information from other means.” (McEvers). The HIG method of interrogation basically focuses on the suspect talking and the interrogator asking few, but guided questions and letting the suspect ramble on, hopefully providing information vital to the case. In the interview between McEvers and Kolker, McEvers and Kolker also talk about how in big, natural lit rooms with carpet the suspects tend to share more. Studies also show if the suspect has a warm drink in their hand they are more likely to have a positive opinion of

In 1966, a milestone in Law Enforcement interrogation procedures was established through the case of Miranda vs Arizona. In the case of Orozco vs Texas, just a couple years later in 1969, the guidelines established by Miranda vs Arizona changed the ruling of Reyes Arias Orozco who self-incriminated himself without being read his Fifth Amendment rights while being interrogated in his home. Orozco vs Texas effected interrogation procedures due to Orozco being interrogated inappropriately in his own bed, early in the morning, and without being aware to his rights which clearly states within the Self-Incrimination Clause that, “The Fifth Amendment 's right against self-incrimination permits an individual to refuse to disclose information that

In any child abuse investigation, collecting as much information about the charges in question is key. This is accomplished with gathering evidence and conducting interviews with people associated with the child. This also includes interviews with the child. In this paper I will discuss the importance of this interview, called a forensic interview, and a widely used interview technique with children victims of possible child abuse.

All suspects are interrogated effectively. And within the laws so everything or at lease most will be able to use in court.

insurance when in fact it was the opposite. The detective must recognize any discrepancies in the interview and can read body language. For example, Mariana notices something was up when he started to stall. That is why she was so authoritative

A confession is one of the strongest forms of evidence that can be brought into a court of law. In the United States criminal justice system, prosecutors quickly and swiftly seek confessions as they are the most persuasive evidence to win cases. Interrogations are conducted by law enforcement officials in an effort to seek confessions and develop details about crimes.Communication is key to the art of interrogation. Detectives sometimes end up with false confessions from innocent suspects by using their expertise in psychological manipulation. One major technique of interrogation is known as the Reid Technique. The Reid method is a system of interviewing and interrogation that is widely used by police departments in the United States. The Reid Technique involves three components which include factual analysis, interviewing, and interrogation. Whether this verbal technique is effective or ineffective is a subjective and controversial matter. However, many people who oppose the Reid Technique would agree that this method can cause an innocent person to confess to wrong counts made against them. Is the Reid Technique the best solution? With concrete evidence, one can explore and come to an overall result of whether or not this questioning method has a major impact on the outcome of the confession, as well as searching for weaknesses in human nature and if these have any effect on the results of the interrogation and courtroom process.

Behavior analysis focuses mainly on understanding the conduct or behavior of the suspects (Inbau et al., 2011). Interrogators may face a challenge in getting a suspect’s statement if they are not capable of reading and understanding the suspect’s conduct in terms of both verbal and non-verbal language. Reading the body language enables the interrogators to detect when the suspect is telling the truth or when lying. Behavior signs for deception may include fidgeting, perspiration, not maintaining eye contact, uneasiness, and many other behaviors. However, not every suspect is likely to behave in a similar way which makes it quite difficult for the interrogators to analyze the suspect's behavior and may end up making a false confession statement. Therefore, interrogators have to base their suspect behavior analysis based on the evidence provided as well as their personal

Purpose and Need for Study (Snook et al (2012): Based on limited knowledge about the current questioning practices, authors did the examination of real-life questioning practices of Canadian police officers in seeks to develop the best practices for the future successful criminal investigations practices.

When an interrogation subject does not tell the truth, creating and remembering a fictional story places a heavy load on their mental faculties. They must continually calculate whether their story is cohesive. When Criminal Justice investigators question these subjects, increasing this load will increase the physical responses the subject exhibit, which helps investigators predict whether the person is telling the truth. A practice investigators use to accomplish this is to have the subject tell the story from end to beginning. This makes it difficult for the subject to recall details that match the fictional story timeline. Additionally, the investigators can request that the subject sustain eye contact. When a subject is recalling a fictional recount, looking away helps them focus on remembering their story.

Many shows depict the CSI team as an all rounder, capable of processing the scene, interviewing suspects, handcuffing the criminals and hauling them to jail. However, the reality is totally different from that shown on TV. The forensic experts have no authority to carry a gun, interact with the families of the victim, interview suspects or arrest people. They are considered civilians and their responsibilities are restricted to collecting the evidences at the crime scene.

When someone thinks of interrogation techniques their mind gravitates towards the cliché good cop bad cop routine. It is a classic calling card in stories and films alike where one cop intimidates the suspect and another is sympathetic towards them. However, real life interrogations are of course more complicated than they are portrayed in film. This paper will seek to learn more about the fundamental techniques that detectives utilize in the real world to incriminate suspects.

One of the best training programs to implement into the police department is the Reid interrogation techniques. Interrogation and interviewing techniques became popular in 1947 by John E. Reid and Associates. Joseph P. Buckley stated that “The Reid Technique of Interviewing and Interrogation is now the most widely used approach to question subjects in the world (Buckley P. J., 2000).” There three- parts to the Reid process for solving a crime. The first stage that should be taking is to collect and analyze relative information from the crime scene thing that offers insight to the possible suspect and determine the direction an investigation should take. The second stage of the process interviewing people of interest using Behavior Analysis Interview (BAI) (Buckley P. J., 2000). The Behavior Analysis Interview is a non-accusatory process that allows detectives to interview a suspect using a question and answer procedure to provoke a suspect to show non- verbal truthfulness or deception. The third stage, if the offender has not admitted to the crime an accusatory interrogation is administered (Leave no marks, 2007). The Reid interrogation technique is believed to be a fail proof technique ,however, there are some reservations against using this technique on juvenile offenders (Constitutional Law(n.d). Implementing the Reid technique into the police departments learning curriculum will truly