Critical Information Infrastructure Systems Worldwide

Introduction: - for my research project, I would like to explore about the cyber security measures. Cybersecurity covers the fundamental concepts underlying the construction of secure systems from the hardware to the software to the human computer interface, with the use of cryptography to secure interactions. These concepts are easily augmented with hands-on exercises involving relevant tools and techniques. We have different types of computer related crimes, cybercrimes, computer related offenses, federal approaches defenses. The information resources management has the technical matters for which IT are widely known. Cyber resources and cyber power as well as cyber security. We have spent a lot of time talking about many different high level critical infrastructure protection concepts we have general rule stayed away from cyber security explaining the ins and out of how the NIPP and NRF work together to ensure that we can live our daily live in relative comfort.

A critical infrastructure is defined as any facility, system, or function which provides the foundation for national security, governance, economic vitality, reputation, and way of life. (http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/NIPP_InfoSharing.pdf)In short, critical infrastructure is by definition essential for the survival of the nation. The USA PATRIOT Act specifically defines critical infrastructure as "systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, (Jena Baker McNeill and Richard Weitz, 2010) so vital to the United States that the incapacity or destruction of such systems and assets would have a debilitating

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has recognized 16 critical infrastructure sectors whose assets, systems, and networks are considered vital to the United States and if these sectors were incapacitated in any form, this would be detrimental to security, the economy, public and safety. These sectors are identified as the following (Department of Homeland Security, n.d.):

Critical infrastructure is actively what moves the United States forward as a world dominating force. Critical infrastructure is also the life-blood that maintains the nation’s way of life. Each one of these organizations gives strength to the country’s wealth, health and security. We use them every day in our lives, it is the bridges we cross when we go to work, and it is the planes, trains, and automobiles that move the citizens throughout the nation. It is these types of critical infrastructure that keep our homes lit at night, the water we bathe in and drink, and it provides a multitude of communication structures that help us stay in touch with our loved ones.

Critical infrastructures are interdependent on other infrastructures and if one fails the other will also (Kamien, 2012). For example, transportation is an infrastructure that has a significant linkage between resources and facilities. The Department of Homeland Security states “The nation's transportation system quickly, safely, and securely moves people and goods through the country and overseas.” How is transportation critical? A highway/bridge can provide emergency transportation access to a hospital. Should the bridge collapse, resources are not being reached to the hospital. The protection of our critical infrastructures is a shared responsibility of state, local, and federal governments. However, not all infrastructures are critical.

The “Critical infrastructure, or CI, is a subcategory of infrastructure that includes those assets, systems, and networks, whether physical or virtual, which are so vital that their failure or destruction would have a debilitating impact on security, governance, public health and safety, public confidence, commerce, or other societal factors” (Bullock, Haddow, Coppola, 2016). According to the 2013 US National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP) there are 16 of these sectors and throughout this paper we will discuss a cyber attack on the water supply sector. The best way to discuss the above will be through the evaluation of the impact that a cyber-attack could have on our water supply, and the probable third and fourth order effects from

Presidential Directive 21 lists sixteen critical infrastructure sectors. Of these sectors, all of which are important, I chose financial services and the food and agriculture as being the two that are currently most at risk.

The term Critical Infrastructure did not come into use until the mid-1990’s. Since the 1970’s there have been 2,723 terrorist attacks that have taken place in the United States, causing a total of 3,570 deaths. About seventy-five (75) percent of those attacks targeted critical infrastructures. Critical Infrastructures (CI) and systems constitute high-value targets (Forest & Howard, 2013). Executive order EO 13010 Critical Infrastructure Protection was issued by president Bill Clinton on July 15th, 1996. This executive order addressed the concerns

United States’ national infrastructure are resources that are vital to keep commerce operating. Technology have allowed the governments and the private sector to share vital information with them. The nation well-being depend on each of the critical infrastructures, the big question is on how to maintain all of our infrastructure sectors operative without any problem. There a big wave of threats to our nation and if one of this threads go through, it can created a multidimensional problem to the infrastructure system of the country. The main concerns that exist in protecting the U.S. against any attacks to any U.S. infrastructure and in the same time on how to have a system that work well with other agencies. For example; is important to

There are five main criteria for Critical Infrastructure Information. Any information that is directly related to the critical infrastructure. This could mean anything related to data, daily operations, charts, plans, tasks, etc. in relation to the infrastructure. Information relating to dangers and vulnerabilities is also considered CII. Some of the environmental information that would be considered CII is geological, meteorological, geographical, and geospatial information.

The United States’ critical infrastructures provide the American people with power to fuel their homes and businesses, water to keep themselves hydrated and prepare food, transportation network that get them from one location to the next which is efficient, merchandise including food, communication systems they rely on to communicate with friends and family, and more. The sixteen critical infrastructures are important to the U.S. and its people that if anything were to happen to these infrastructures sectors could bring problems to the U.S. Most of the 16 critical infrastructure facilities are privately owned.

Critical infrastructure are system and assets that are vital to the nation and national security, without them the United States would be incapacitated. They are what keep our nation running every day and during natural disasters. The United States has sixteen of these critical infrastructures that are comprised of smaller subcategories that included our key resources. Some of these infrastructure are more for everyday use while others are more for the nation’s security.

Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources, better known as CIKR, is an umbrella term. It refers to the assets of the United States essential to the nation’s security, public health and safety, economic vitality, and way of life. There are sixteen sectors that break down CIKR, chemical, communication, commercial facilities, dams, critical manufacturing, defense industrial base, emergency services, energy, financial, food and agriculture, government, health and public health, information technology, nuclear reactors materials and waste, transportation, and finally water and wastewater system. Each of these sectors are vital to the United States for security, national economic security, health safety, and a combination of them all. Three of

The goal of intrusion detection is to monitor network assets, detect anomalous behavior, and identify misuse within a network (Ashoor, Gore, 2011). An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a device or software application that monitors network system activities for malicious activity or policy violations and produces reports to a management station (Kashyap, Agrawal, Pandey, Keshri, 2013), additionally there are three types of IDS:

Firewalls is categorized as a preventive control which is used as a defense shield around IT systems to keep intruders and hacking from occurring, whereas, an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) which is categorized as a detective control is used to detect intrusions that have already occurred (Cavusoglu, Mishra, & Raghunathan, 2005). However, IDSs are not