CID Number: 00796902
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Essay Title: “Critically analyse the key factors involved in translating policy into practice to achieve successful delivery of health care?”
“Critically analyse the key factors involved in translating policy into practice to achieve successful delivery of health care?”
To deliver better care and outcomes, there is a need for evidence-based policy to be implemented successfully (1). Policy change can achieve impacts and sustainability beyond what is possible through standalone services or projects (2). Designing a policy and then translating it into practice is “a messy business” and requiring understanding of the policy context, design processes, the underlying values and beliefs
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Here policy takes an incremental approach where decision makers take current practice as given, and make small incremental adjustments in that behaviour, resulting in gradual policy change (5).
In the real world, policy making is more complex. In reaction to “rational approaches” the “garbage can” model of decision was developed to remove any assumption of rationality. This asserts that rational approaches suggest a greater level of intention, comprehension of problems, and predictability of relations among actors than found in reality (3). Additional elements work against rational policy making including the cognitive limitation of decision maker to consider all possible options and foresee all consequences.
Ingram argued that policy problems are not neutral but subjectively identified through a political exercise based on values, interpretation and the subjectivity of policy-makers (6). Pluralist-elitist models recognise the distribution of power and how this affects decision-making, proposing that the power to influence policy is concentrated in the hands of a few (2). The underlying suggestion of these theories is that policy is not scientifically or rationally constructed, with the conclusion that implementation attempts are constrained from the start.
Punctuated equilibrium theory outlines that when conditions are right, change
Policy analysis is an assessment of specific healthcare policy to determine its effectiveness in improving patient care outcomes. As an organization continues to grow in complexity; health status indicators provided gauges for process to be assessed and evaluated for restructuring. This provides new opportunities for evaluating policies, guidelines and procedures that enhances patient care to benefit all stakeholders. Transformational leaders are healthcare professionals whose knowledge and experience are required when policies analysis is needed that may require examination, designing, implementation, and evaluation for a practice change. In healthcare systems globally, transformational leaders are task with
Many individuals do not like the idea of change, but as health care professionals we know that change is a part of our profession. Evidence-based practice is present and the future of health care practice and needs to be fully supported by every health care team member. The gap between understanding EBP and applying it needs to be a thing of the
Evidence based practice is the basis for needed change in practice and function. It is a sound method for scientific, fact-based change. Changes which have no evidence to support them are fragile, unscientific, and subjective. These changes don’t effect real change over time, as they aren’t able to be proven to a more general population.
Deborah Stone compares the market and polis models of policy making with the intent to show that the original origin of the public policy discipline was to be grounded in a practical science, economics, but to also show how and why the economic approach to policy making has significant limitations. Stone is arguing against the view that policy decision making is rational decision making. Deborah Stone’s main reason for comparing the two models of policy making is to identify and critique the simplistic assumptions that have been used in the market and rationality project. Stone is attempting to point out the paradox that exists between the two because the two models are evidently contradictory, the market being ground in rationality and the polis being based on emotion. Stone compares the two policies in order to show that economics cannot be solely used to understand policy making because the two are fundamentally different. She also points out that policy is made in a political society and because of this the polis model seeks to explain public policy as it actually happens in reality since the field and study of public policy was created to allow government to make decisions that would best benefit their citizens.
|Healthcare – A Framework for Local Action 2007; organisational policies, local and regional guidelines for |
The American Health Care system needs to be constantly improved to keep up with the demands of America’s health care system. In order for the American Health Care system to improve policies must be constantly reviewed. Congress still plays a powerful role in public policy making (Morone, Litman, & Robins, 2008). A health care policy is put in place to reach a desired health outcome, which may have a meaningful effect on people. People in position of authority advocates for a new policy for the group they have special interest in helping. The Health care system is formed by the health care policy making process (Abood, 2007). There are public, institutional, and business policies related to health care developed by hospitals, accrediting organizations, or managed care organizations (Abood, 2007). A policy is implemented to improve the health among people in the United States. Some policies
Itroduction: Evidence-based practice is an approach to medicine that uses scientific evidence to determine the best practice (Beyea & Slattery, 2006). As nurses perform their daily tasks they must continually ask themselves, “What is the evidence for this intervention?”. Nurses are well positioned to question current nursing practices and use evidence to make care more effective. In order to improve patients’ outcomes it is the responsibility of the nurse to transition evidence-based practice into the norm, through application of daily practice (Flynn Makic, Rauen, Watson & Will Poteet, 2014). Continual evaluation of current practice must be performed to ensure the use of evidence-based practice opposed to practice based upon tradition. The implementation of evidence-based practice standardizes healthcare practices and diminishes groundless variations within care. These variations lead to the production of uncertain health outcomes (Stevens, 2013).
This report is based on a video provided by the Nursing and Midwifery Council Safeguarding Policies (2010). "Call me Joe" is about an elderly gentleman whose basic needs were being neglected by Health Professionals such as, Care Managers and Health Care Workers. The Reflected Model I will be using in this report will be the ROLFE ET AL model. This model is based upon three simple questions which are, What? So What? and Now What?. "Reflective Practice should be used in all health care settings as it is reflecting on what work you have carried out, what happened during the process and what you could perhaps do differently next time to improve your knowledge and skills" Skills You Need. (2011-2015) BarriersTo Effective Communication. Reflective Practice can relate to Joe because Health Care Professionals should have known that they were carrying out procedures incorrectly and that Joes basic needs were not being met. Evidence Based Practice (EBP) has many definitions but the most common comes from Sacket DL, Rosenberg WMC, Gray JAM and Richardson WS. (1996) Evidence based medicine. This states that " the thorough and open use of Evidence Based Practice is in making decisions about the care of the patient. The Evidence Based practice medicine means combining together professional knowledge within the best interests of the individual through scientific evidence from organised research".
Healthcare policy is dynamic and ever changing, especially in our society today with the many changes in government control, insurance company influence, and actual delivery of healthcare services. In order to corral our healthcare system and ensure that there is quality control amongst all populations, health policies must be put in place. Health policy is defined as many things due to its dynamic nature but the assigned text expresses a definition that encompasses all aspects of what health policy is for us today, “Authoritative decisions made in the legislative, executive, or judicial branches of government that are intended to direct or influence that actions, behaviors, or decisions of others”(Longest, p. 5, (2010)). Among the many reasons why health policy is pertinent to our society an aspect of health policy that I feel is most important is in regards to public health practices. Health policy is the reason why populations that whom otherwise would not receive the absolute needed healthcare, actually get to receive healthcare. The financial aspect of healthcare is quite steep and more often than not healthcare services are not sought out by populations because they cannot afford to do so. With health policy the policymakers allow for the proper and equal disbursement of goods and services to ensure that everyone is remaining healthy no matter what
Key information as well as a step-by step process to develop and analyze a policy was provided within the LearnScape module one activity. Jones & Bartlett Learning (2014) identified these steps as gathering data, identifying stakeholders, key factors, and writing the policy. Although, gathering data seemed self-explanatory, I wasn’t exactly sure what a stakeholder was until I completed this assignment. A stakeholder is any group, organization or individual that will be directly affected by the policy (Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2014). It is within my scope of practice as a future healthcare provider to identify the need for policy change or development. This assignment has taught me that any breakdown in the policy development process can lead to cost wastefulness and prolongation of changes that need to occur to provide a safer, more effective patient care atmosphere.
The theoretical framework that is used in this paper is Collins’s framework, which he describes as a simple tool for policy making (Collins 2005). Collins’s framework is a framework specifically designed for health policies and is an adapted version of Bardach’s policy framework. Bardach proposes eight steps to create a policy; he calls this the ‘eight-fold-path’.
Policies and Legislations to care planning, and influences and stages involved in the design and process of health care delivery
Policy is shorthand for 'public policy considerations'. Policy considerations were recognised in the Wilberforce test and the test in Caparo v Dickman.
Policy cycle is a valuable device for new policy development. It is a tool which divides complex procedures into convenient and manageable steps. These individual steps provides a frame work andantedates any forthcoming issues related to policy development. However, as Althaus, Bridgman & Davis (2013) said these steps are not stages that have to be followed in a same manner they are to help policy developers to individually assess, evaluate, process and provides room for corrections. These steps are flexible enough to incorporate any changes at the time of new policy development and as a part of continuous change once it is implemented. Colebatch (2006) said that changes are necessary for the use of contemporary information to reshape and review of any policy to achieve desirable outcome. Hence policy making is known as an ongoing process which represent its cyclic nature.
First I will provide an overview of what rational choice theory is and why it has staked such a prominent position in the discipline of political science. In this section I conclude that rational choice theory has indeed developed advanced methodologies at telling us how rational agents should behave. Then in my second section I will show, using the empirical case of the free-rider problem and collective action, as well as the case of suicide terrorism, that rational choice theory cannot adequately account for actual political phenomena. In my third section I will provide some reasons for why this is the case. Finally, in my concluding section I will posit a theoretical framework incorporating some refinements to the assumptions behind rational choice theory that would better aid a predictive (but not universalist) political science.