Critique of Judgement Summary

In this paper, I will argue Kant’s categorical imperative's through a condensed summation of his Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals with specific regard for the need for categorical imperative and how it's flaws can disband the efficacy of his claim.

As evidence for the basis of judgments and decisions, evaluated in my own reports and records, I need to show that I accurately and clearly record the judgements and decisions and evidence on which the judgements have been based and where judgement is based on informed opinion. I do record other evidence and reports which support my judgements and decisions and conflict with my judgements and decisions. It is as well very important to clarify events and decisions.

Kant argues that beauty is symbolic of morality. Werner S. Pluhar states, “Only man is capable of an ideal of beauty, and the ideal involves the concept of man’s

Groundwork for the Metaphysic of Morals, published in 1785, is Kant’s first major work in ethics. Like the Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics, the Groundwork is the short and easy-to-read version of what Kant deals with at greater length and complexity in his Critique. The Critique of Practical Reason, published three years later, contains greater detail than the Groundwork and differs from it on some points—in the Critique of Practical Reason, for instance, Kant places greater emphasis on ends and not just on motives—but this summary and analysis will cover only the general points of Kant’s ethics, which

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Kant begins the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals by outlining four principles of morality. The first principle of morality, which will be explored in this paper, states that actions are only morally good if they are undertaken from a sense of duty. Kant subsequently develops this principle as the categorical imperative of morality. This paper begins with a comprehensive description of the categorical imperative, its contrast to the hypothetical imperative, and its role in Kant’s moral theory. In the second section of the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant introduces the idea of universal maxims and their importance in morality. Thus, this paper will examine maxims and the connection between universality and morality. Finally,

Thesis: Many may find that the essence of beauty is primarily focused on what you look like, rather than what is deep within. It is an evil first instinct we all possess. Ugliness; however, is more than just what a person looks like. A person could be visually appealing, yet have evil intentions deep within. Likewise, a person could be deemed as ugly purely based on what they look like, but within they could have the most beautiful heart.

Delaina Storey Pope Huma 1315 February 2, 2016 Enneads 1.6 by Plotinus Summary In Volume 6 of Enneads, the Greek philosopher Plotinus gives his standpoint on what defines beauty. This passage is noteworthy because of the way it contradicts the aesthetics of his day and age.

Ralph Waldo Emerson was a Transcendentalist author, so he explored concepts beyond the scope of science. That is to say, non-empirical concepts that cannot be known through observation, the senses, or experience, without pattern. The concept of beauty is non-empirical because it cannot be fully understood by observation. While a man can see that a rose is beautiful, or feel the beauty in the weight and smoothness of a strand of pearls, he can never know that a thing is beautiful by seeing or touching it. This is why Emerson describes beauty as an “eternal fugitive” (75) in Ode to Beauty. Emerson’s philosophy can be seen as a reaction to the limitations of the Rational Movement, who rejected non-empirical

The Argument from design or also known as the Teleological argument (Telos: Purpose, Teleology: Study of something’s purpose or design) is endowed on the assumption of a God or creator which has intelligently and elegantly designed the universe to such intricate and fine detail. In which argues that something so immaculately designed for example the structural complexity and delegacy of the eye, can only be as a direct result of an intelligent designer or (God). The argument from design is a collection of empirical and inductive arguments that identify characteristics found in natural objects and infer God as the cause.

7. Kant’s ethics gives us firm standards that do not depend on results; it injects a humanistic element into moral decision making and stresses the importance of acting on principle and from a sense of duty. Critics, however, worry that (a) Kant’s view of moral worth is too restrictive, (b) the categorical imperative is not a sufficient test of right and wrong, and (c) distinguishing between treating people as means and respecting them as ends in themselves may be difficult in practice.

By using these senses, one can decide whether something is pleasant or unpleasant, or good or bad. As agreeable is based off of personal opinions and beliefs, others are free to disagree with it and it does not necessarily lose its credibility. They also agree that beautiful is something that is not necessarily judged by the senses, but something that all men need to agree upon. When someone declares that something is beautiful, he is speaking on behalf of all men and it does not allow for a personal opinion. Bullough touches on his view that distance is an important factor for something to be considered beautiful. Both philosophers would agree that natural objects, such as sunlight and other creations of nature, are worthy of being coined as beautiful as they are universally considered as such. Pieces of art are additionally worthy of being considered beautiful as they are collectively agreed upon. This view is unlike that of philosopher Clive Bell, who views that nature should never be considered beautiful. Bell would likely view that nature should be considered agreeable as others are free to disagree with it. If one disagrees with the universal standard of beauty that Kant and Bullough have set, one might ponder if this view is still

Furthermore, this research reported participants primed with cleanliness rated themselves more moral than fellow students.

Humans, unlike animals, have a sense of moral responsibility to do what is good (Guthrie, 42). It is more than a subjective sense of what is right and wrong, it is a understanding of justice and injustice. The presence of our conscience implies there is a moral standard. If there is a moral standard, then the standard had to be set by someone or something. "An objective moral order is meaningless unless there is a Divine Being" (Trueblood, Philosophy of Religion, 114). Aesthetics is another place a person can experience general revelation. Like our sense of morals, beauty is not subjective. It is something we discover. For example, music is random sounds but is based on scales. A musician has to learn about scales and chords before writing a song. If beauty is not something we create, but something we discover then there must be a set standard of what is beautiful. If there is a standard of beauty in the world, then there must be a Creator of the world. It is through the various forms of general revelation that individuals are able to learn certain aspects about the character of God and the purpose of human life. We can see this in other belief systems, theories, and ideas about life and the world that non-Christians hold to that are very similar to certain biblical teachings.

Throughout history, beauty has been seen as a value to humans. Beauty practices start as far back as foot binding and continues up to today with cosmetic surgeries such as liposuction. On every billboard, magazine, and commercial citizens are reminded that they are not as physically attractive as they could be and there is a solutions to their problem. In his analysis of beauty, Kant states that beauty is morality. Despite the fact physical beauty is highly valued in society, it is not the driving factor when it comes to determining morality and making ethical judgments. To support this, I will be introducing Aristotle’s virtue ethics and David Hume’s A Treatise of Human Nature to demonstrate that beauty is independent of virtue and does