CAPITULO UNO
LA ECONOMIA EN
LA ENCRUCIJADA
LA NATURALEZA CAMBIANTE DEL PERFIL EMPRESARIAL.-
Durante los ultimos años se ha discutido mucho sobre los problemas que afrontan los tigres asiaticos, el efecto de la Union Monetaria Europea (UME) en la economia y los avatares de la economia Japonesa y su efecto en las demas. A comienzos de 1998 señalaban que los antiguos paises comunistas habrian de reemplazar a las florecientes economias del sudeste de Asia, atrayendo el interes mundial. Estos son los cambios que se estan produciendo en el nivel macro y geopolitico superior. En el nivel microeconomico, se producen cada vez mas fusiones y adquisiciones de empresas. Se estan verificando alianzas estrategicas y fusiones en las
…show more content…
En consecuencia la Ciencia de la Economia se relaciona con la conducta humana considerada como la relacion que existe entre los fines y los medios que tienen usos alternativos. Los responsables de adoptar decisiones a nivel macro y microeconomico deben asegurarse de que los recursos escasos se empleen con eficiencia y eficacia.
CUATRO PRINCIPIOS DE LA ECONOMIA
1.- LEY DE LA REDUCCION DE LOS BENEFICIOS.-
Según esta Ley, si se aumenta el uso de cualquier factor, por ejemplo la mano de obra, y suponiendo que todos los demas factores (maquinaria, tecnologia o materias primas) permanezcan constantes, todo trabajador adicional contribuye menos a la producción total que el trabajador anterior a el. Aunque la producción total aumente, la producción adicional, llamada producción marginal, disminuye. Este fenomeno ocurre siempre que uno de los factores de la producción sea fijo. Esta ley plantea un desafio constante que nos obliga a encontrar nuevas y mejores soluciones para el empleo de recursos limitados. Una ventaja clave del suministro global es la capacidad de lograr ahorros significativos de los costes al mismo tiempo que se mantienen o mejoran la calidad y el servicio.
En la decada de 1990 sigue habiendo muchas pequeñas y medianas empresas PYMES que responden con gran lentitud al proceso de globalización. Para ellas, esta ley influira en sus negocios y en sus
This essay tends to distinguish the difference between two extreme economies from economic prospects as well as politic prospects which are inseparable.
During the 20th century different regions and countries of the extra European world –Japan, China, India, the Middle East and Latin America- have been invested by profound transformations, that in part went to aliment the tensions that later would have brought to the second world war, and in part determined the beginning of the process of decolonization .
The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the government and economies of four countries in Asia: China, India, Japan, and Korea. Topics that will be discussed are their governments, economies, resources, and citizens.
During the late twentieth century, nations throughout the Western Hemisphere found themselves exhausted economically due to a combination of recessions which occurred from the late sixties to the early nineteen eighties-caused most in part due to energy crises and government regulations to combat inflation (due to counteract Cold War spending). Combined with growing economic interdependence, due to the need for foreign resources needed for the sustainable growth and expansion of consumer-based manufacturing markets in the developed world-beginning post World War Two, the United States and impactful developing states sought to create regional zones of economic integration that could provide solutions to internal economic concerns of employment, growth, and governmental sustainability, as well as provide a platform for prosperity in regards to capitalism, inter-market sustainability, and geo-economic authority within the region. In order to do this, beginning in the late nineteen seventies, pro-capitalistic states, such as Chile, Mexico, and most recognizably the United States- , and different economic institutions-such as the World Bank and the IMF- pushed for a new wave of liberalism, emphasizing revamped laissez-faire policies. This resurgence of classical economic liberal ideology, which is known as neoliberalism, emphasized growth
Conditions have changed. Global trade has rapidly increased in both volume and value, reaching nowadays more than $4 trillion in 1997 (Daniels J.D., Radebaugh, 1998, pg. 529). Competition is fierce from all corners of the world. Failure at the global level can backfire and may consume existing brands and business relationships. At the same time, global opportunities have emerged that offer possibilities for growth, profit, and an improvement in worldwide standards of living.
The article written by Peter Callero is based on the idea that globalization is involved in our everyday lives. The author relates this topic to how jobs are made in the United States or when their moved into another country. It refers to the effects of this move and how it changes the incomes of workers in our country.
In the mid 1900s the world experienced a major change, no more was there a war between two major nations, rather the threat of war between the Soviet Union and the United States, a conflict that always threatened to boil over. Within this tug of war of power, nations broke free from their imperialistic ties, and became individual entities. Southeastern Asia was very much influenced by imperialism, with the Dutch controlling Indonesia, the French controlling Cambodia, and the British presence in Thailand. The cold war was a dissolving factor of imperialism and once these countries gained freedom, without the support of the countries controlling them, they inevitably fell into poverty. The first challenge critical to any country’s success would
Underdevelopment can also be, and has been, understood as a reflection or product of the economic, social, political and cultural characteristics of said country. Yet with a look at history we see that the underdevelopment of a “satellite” nation can be traced directly back to the past and current economic relations the nation has held with developed “metropoles”. This relationship between a metropolitan and satellite countries pertains back to the process and development of the world capitalist system, which benefits its Western
International political economy is an important subdiscipline of international relation. It has three main ideologies, Liberalism, Mercantilism and Marxism. In this essay there will be three parts, first part is to demonstrate what the Liberalism and Mercantilism are on the perspective of international political economy and then the second part is to compare and contrast these two ideologies of political economy. At last, give a conclusion to the Liberalism and Mercantilism.
Responding to their structurally peripheral position, Southern countries, perceiving themselves as sharing the same destiny, formed a coalition demanding a new international economic order. The South opposed itself to the North, a constellation which reached its highpoint in the 70’s as the oil-exporting countries successfully displayed their collective market power with regard to the affluent
I am researching the economy of Brazil. The definition of economy: The Management of the income, expenditures, etc of a household, business, community, or government. Careful management of wealth, resources, etc; avoidance of waste by careful planning use; thrift or thrifty use. (1) The system or range of economic activity in a country, region, or community. (2)
Changing factors such as aging populations and new technologies becoming available are increasing expectations from people throughout the world, and decision makers must make rational choices to maximise benefits to population health whilst working with limited resources. Yothasamut et al (2009) summarise this by observing that "health care resources in every setting are always constrained, while unlimited demand is observed". The 'best' choices in the context of economics are the ones which maximise utility (individual satisfaction through consumption of goods) and welfare, the sum utility experienced by all individuals in society. Decision makers often have to seek satisfactory rather than optimal solutions, also known as working with 'bounded rationality' (Simon 1957 in Williams et al 2008), as it is important to pursue both efficiency and equity in the funding of health care. Therefore, it may be unsuitable to fund the most cost effective option if it sacrifices the equal distribution of benefits. Research in health economics can take a normative or positive approach and this reflects the balance needed between cost control and equity when making economic decisions. Positive economic research and analysis is concerned with 'how things are' and seeks to explain economic phenomena, whilst normative economic research and analysis is concerned with 'how things ought to be' and relies on value
In business it is essential for owners to consider important factors when mapping out their business objectives. Economics used as a tool to solve coordination problems. They include what and how much product to produce, how to produce their product, and for whom they are producing. In order to effectively answer these questions, economics is used. Colander (2006) describes economics as “the study of how human beings coordinate their wants and desires, given the decision-making mechanisms, social customs, and political realities of the society” (p. 4). The foundation of economics is based on several factors that assist in understanding an economy.
Aumentar el volumen de producción y venta, y crecimiento: Cemex tenía necesidad de expandirse globalmente, dado que su mercado doméstico en México es relativamente pequeño y que en 1989, la empresa ya dominaba 2/3 de la capacidad productiva donde le quedaba poco espacio para crecer . Además, la entrada de Holderbank en México al principio de los 90`s le generaba una fuerte presión competitiva, siendo que esa empresa ya tenía una presencia global importante.
En este caso, más que un inversionista ángel se trata de una red de inversionistas ángeles, Walnut, grupo de emprendedores norteamericanos con experiencia en todos los estamentos de una empresa, muchos de ellos con éxito probado en la industria de la tecnología – software, lo que sin duda abre oportunidades de colaboración conjunta para empresas