Cyclohexanol Synthesis Lab Report

Abstract: The purpose of this experiment is to use the apparatus shown in figure 7-1 of experiment 6 found in the lab manual, to synthesize [1,3,5-C6H3(CH3)3]Mo(CO)3.(2016 Oleg) With this, characterization of the molecule can be accomplished using the infrared spectrum and NMR spectrum of the synthesized compound. It was found in the IR spectra of the product, that suitable stretches were found associated with the C-O bonds of mestylene and molybdenum. With One strong spectra was found at 1855.3973 cm-1 , one medium strength spectra was found at 1942.6002 cm-1 , and one weak spectra of C-O stretch was found at 1298.8638cm-1 . The 1H NMR spectrum of the product showed peaks at δ 2.28 and 5.25, while the H NMR spectrum of mesitylene gave peaks at δ

The purpose of this experiment was to practice the functional group transformation procedure. The process of the experiment included the dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol in the presence of phosphoric acid and heat. The products that were formed from the reaction were 1-methylcyclohexene and 3-methylcyclohexene. The mass of the final product solution was 0.502g with a percent yield of 18.7% and a boiling point range of 84.5-98.5oC.

The purpose of this lab was to carry out a dehydration reaction of 2-methylcyclohexanol by heating it in the presence of phosphoric acid and determining which alkene product would be the major product. Methylcyclohexanols were dehydrated in an 85% phosphoric acid mixture to yield the minor and major alkene product by elimination reaction, specifically E1. The alkenes were distilled to separate the major and minor products and gas chromatography was used to analyze the results and accuracy of the experiment. The hypothesis was the major product of the reaction would be the most substituted product. This conclusion was made because of

Yield: Assuming a reaction that uses up 100% of the cyclohexanone reagent, the theoretical yield is 2.32g. This could be calculated using the following calculation. The 1:1 ratio of moles cyclohexanone to moles bisphenol Z comes from the mole ratio in the reaction scheme.

Function: The function of this product is to reduce underarm wetness and control body odor. The deodorant aspect of this product reduces body odor by killing the odor-causing bacteria. The antiperspirant aspect of this product mitigates wetness by inhibiting gland sweat.

During the experiment, there were two tasks performed; the synthesization of luminol and the display of chemiluminescence. The starting material used was 5-nitro-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione, and after the addition of NaOH, sodium hydrosulfite, acetic acid and water, we were left with the product of crude luminol.1 Then, the crude luminol was dissolved into a stock solution that contained NaOH.1 That stock solution A was then diluted with water, which turned it into solution A.1 That solution was then combined with solution B, a mixture made from potassium ferricyanide and hydrogen peroxide then diluted with water, which allowed us to observe the blue light emission that was chemiluminescence.1

The goal of this experiment was to synthesize an alkene (4-methylcyclohexene) from an alcohol (4-methylcyclohexanol) by dehydration. The reaction, consist of 4-methylcyclohexanol, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid, was refluxed at a given time frame. The product was isolated by distillation and purified by adding sodium chloride to help the extraction. The final product had a 125% yield and was characterized by the IR spectroscopy and chemical reaction. The alkene resulted in a colorless liquid after adding molecular bromine dissolved in dichloromethane.

Dispense .5 mL water into the already weighed conical vial, replace cap and face insert on its down side.

The purpose of this experiment was to use simple miniscale distillation to separate a sample of cyclohexane and toluene. My group and I were able to record boiling range and volumes (mL) of distillates that were acquired during the distillation process. By obtaining these measurements allowed my group and me to determine refractive index of fractions collected. An Abbe refractometer was used to do this. At its best, cyclohexane

Objective of this experiment was to perform distillation of cyclohexanol and to purify it into cyclohexene. Also, to determine the IR spectroscopy to characterize cyclohexene. In part one of the experiment, cyclohexanol (3ml, 0.03 mole) was measured and added to a 5mL short-necked round bottom flask. Next, 0.75 mL of 85% phosphoric acid was pipetted into the flask and boiling chips was added. Then, simple distillation was setup by clamping the flask above the sand bath. A thermometer was inserted into a rubber connector so that it was below the side arm and not the touching glass. The mixture was heated for 10 minutes in the sand bath at a low temperature. After the 10 minutes the temperature was increased and the cyclohexene started to distill. The distillation head was wrapped with aluminum foil. A spatula was used to adjust the sand when the temperature exceeded 100 ºC on the thermometer. It was observed when the vapors went through the air condenser and into a receiving flask. Simple distillation was collected at 89-85 ºC. When simple distillation was completed the flask was removed from the sand bath. Then, the distillate was placed in a 30 mL separatory funnel. Next, 1.0 mL of 10% Na2CO3 was added to the distillate to neutralize acid. The funnel was swirled until there weren’t any pressure. The aqueous layer was drained from the funnel. The upper, cyclohexene, was poured to an Erlenmeyer flask. Next, 1.0 mL of toluene was added to the flask. The flask sat out for 5

The purpose of the experiment is isolate the natural products -terpenes and acetogenins- and to observe their properties. The terpene used was used to isolate was limonene from a citrus peel, and the acetogenin that was used to isolate was eugenol from clove oil. The techniques used to isolate these two natural products was a steam distillation and extraction. The amount of eugenol that was recovered 2.39 grams. After the recovery of eugenol, an IR spectrum was obtained. The IR spectrum displayed the presence of an alcohol at 3529.37 cm-1 and an alkene at 1638.08 cm-1. Classification tests are used to determine what is present.The results for the classification tests for eugenol are shown below in the table.

What are reactions? Reactions is a process that has changes in its system and force content of atoms. Theres different types of reactions. But the main reactions are: combination or synthesis reactions, decomposition reactions, substitution or single replacement reactions, metathesis or double displacement reactions. The combination or synthesis reaction is one of the most common type of reactions.

The purpose of this experiment is to produce cyclohexene through the acid catalyzed elimination of water from cyclohexanol. Secondary alcohols like as cyclohexanol, undergo dehydration by E1 mechanism. In this experiment the important intermediate in the mechanism is the cyclohexyl cation. This intermediate can undergo both substitution and elimination reactions. In order to prepare the cyclohexene in a desired yield, it is imperative to the substitution reaction. In this experiment, the substitution reaction is suppressed by firstly, the use of strong acids with anions that are relatively poor nucleophiles ; secondly, a high reaction temperature that favours the elimination reaction as opposed to the substitution reaction; and lastly, the distillation of cyclohexene from the reaction mixture as it is formed. The dehydration of cyclohexanol is strategically done so as to have the product, cyclohexene, distilling from the reaction mixture as it is being formed; the distillation technique serves to remove the cyclohexene from contact with the sulphuric acid before polymerization occurs. In order to obtain pure cyclohexene from the crude distillate, one has to treat with the addition of calcium chloride that helps to get rid of the water and part of the cyclohexanol, thereafter, distillation aids in separating the rest of the cyclohexanol.

Cy7.5 is a NIR dye with long-wave infrared fluorescence for Click Chemistry. This fluorophore is also useful for other fluorescent applications, especially requiring low fluorescent background. Azide is available as DMSO solution, ready for generic Click Chemistry labeling protocol, or in solid form for custom labeling applications. For biomolecule labeling, using of organic co-solvent (5-20% of DMF or DMSO) to dissolve this moleculars is necessary for efficient reaction. Cyanine dye should be dissolved in organic solvent first, and added to a solution of biomolecule (protein, peptide, amino-labeled DNA) in appropriate aqueous buffer.

In this experiment, methyl benzoate was synthesized from benzoic acid and methanol with acid catalyze using Fisher Esterification. First benzoic acid and methanol were mixed in 100 mL round bottom flask. We cooled the mixture in ice and poured 3 mL of conc. H2SO4 and swirled to mix compounds. Then we refluxed the mixture for 1 hour. We let the solution cool and then decanted into a separatory funnel containing 50 mL of water and rinsed the round bottom flask with 35 mL of tert-butyl methyl ether and added that to a separatory funnel. We shook and vented thoroughly and drained the aqueous layer which contained a bulk of methanol and H2SO4. We washed the solution in the separatory funnel with 25 mL of water, followed by 25 mL of sat. sodium bicarbonate