DNA extraction lab

In this experiment, DNA was extracted from human cheek cells using Gatorade, soap solution, and rubbing alcohol. To do this, Gatorade was swished in the subject’s mouth vigorously for 45 seconds, and then added to soap solution and rubbing alcohol. This mixture was left to sit in ice water for two to three minutes. It was hypothesized that when cheek cells were placed into Gatorade, soap solution, and rubbing alcohol, that the DNA would be extracted, forming a stringy substance. This hypothesis was supported by the results of the experiment. After adding the alcohol to the Gatorade and soap solution, a semi-translucent, fibrous substance was formed.

Introduction: All organisms have DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) in the nuclei of their cells. The aim of this experiment is to extract this DNA using common household detergent to breakdown the cellular membrane then through the use of ethanol to extract the DNA from the Kiwi and Strawberry fruit. After the DNA has been extracted the DNA will be visualised by agarose gel electrophoresis which is done by adding a dye to the extracted DNA then being placed in the gel, once the negatively charged DNA has been placed in the gel it will slowly move towards the positively charged end (anode) then is viewed under an ultraviolet light then compared to the control of known lengths of DNA to show the size of the unknown DNA samples.

In this experiment we were meant to observe the transferring of DNA. There are many ways in which DNA can be transferred into an organism, for example; transformation, transduction, and conjugation. In our experiment we used

In order to extract DNA from any living thing, we needed to first gather the materials. Then we began the experiment. Step 1, put in a blender 1/2 cup of split peas (100ml), 1/8 teaspoon table salt (less than 1ml), and 1 cup cold water (200ml). Next, we blended the materials on high for 15 seconds. This allowed the pea cells to separate from each other, so we now had a really thin pea-cell soup. Step 2, poured our thin pea-cell soup through a strainer into another container. Added 2 tablespoons of liquid detergent (about 30ml) and swirled to mix. We then let the mixture incubate for 7 minutes. Poured the mixture into test tubes containers, and filled each about 1/3 full. Step 3, added a pinch of meat tenderizer to each test tube and stirred gently to make sure we didn’t break up the DNA. Step 4, tilted our test tube and slowly poured rubbing alcohol (70-95% isopropyl or ethyl alcohol) into the tube down the side so that it forms a layer on top of the pea mixture. Poured until we had about the same amount of alcohol in the tube as pea mixture. Alcohol is less dense than water, so it floats on top. From there we looked for clumps of white stringy stuff where the water and alcohol layers meet. The white stringy stuff was tangled DNA molecules. Thus, we completed DNA extraction. As we performed the experiment we made no changes to the original protocol.

Using the electric current, scientists pass the DNA through gel, and as smaller molecules get through gel quicker than those of bigger sizes, DNA molecules get separated according the sizes of the molecules. We utilize the property that large molecules move slower, and DNA is slightly negatively charged(due to phosphate groups), so it will move to the positive pole of the gel.

The final experiment used E.coli so all we had to do to release the dna was to add the lysing solution since there is no cell wall to break. We used Iced ethyl alcohol to form a layer above the lysate solution for the dna to float into in all of the experiments as well as tipping the vial at a 45 degree angle while we spooled the dan on our patented glass dna extraction rod.

The Material floating at the top of the test-tube after the alcohol was added was all the strands of DNA. The alcohol dissolved the cell walls of the cells and the DNA was free to move about freely.

The Eppendorf tube was then placed within a centrifuge for 10 minutes to separate the insoluble DNA from the rest of the solution. When the 10 minutes were up, a DNA “pellet” appeared at the bottom of the Eppendorf tube and a pipet was used to decant the solution. Once as much liquid was removed from the Eppendorf tube as possible, 1 mL of 70% ethanol was added to the tube, and it was inverted another 5 times. The sample was then placed within the centrifuge for another 5 minutes at maximum speed. The DNA pellet should still be visible within the Eppendorf tube and using a pipet, the ethanol was decanted from the Eppendorf tube.

After introduction to the restrictive enzymes, the DNA can be loaded onto an agarose gel and an electrophoresis can be performed. Electrophoresis works by creating an electric field, which causes the macromolecule particles to migrate based on their size. Smaller segments of molecules will be carried farther down the gel,

Chloroform and alcohol (Ethanol) are two important chemicals for CTAB DNA extraction process. Chloroform is used in separating proteins and polysaccharides from nucleic acids in the tested cells. It is denser than water by having density of 1.49 g/cm3. After centrifuged the samples, chloroform and water will separate into two phases. The lower phase will be chloroform that contains protein and polysaccharides. Whilst, the upper phase contains the cells’ DNA. Ethanol is used to remove any excess salt by washing the pellet that formed in the tube. This separation process in crucial because it needs to get rid all the polysaccharides to ensure the amplifying process works

Have you ever extracted DNA from a strawberry? Well today in my science class we learned how to extract DNA from a strawberry. By the way it was very fun and it looked like snow. If you want to do this experiment you will need 1 strawberry, 20 mL of cold ethanol which is EtOH, a heavy - duty ziplock bag, 10 mL of DNA extraction-buffer ( soapy water and salt solution ), a small funnel, a small piece of cheesecloth ( as a filter ), 1 glass rod or a popsicle stick, and a 50 mL test tube.

This experiment required careful examination and observation for each step, and the “why” questions are analyzed in great detail in the discussion part of the report. The strawberries used for this experiment were the frozen store bought type, but felt warm during the start of the experiment. The strawberries were mashed up using a mortar and pestle into a smoothie like substance in order to breach the cell wall and expose the DNA. Twelve eyedroppers of heated saltwater detergent were added to the mashed strawberry solution and no color change was observed. The solution was then filtered into a beaker with a coffee filter apparatus. A pulp free solution was left in the beaker, while the pulp and debris “junk” of the strawberry was collected

Nucleic acid molecules which are to be analyzed are set upon a viscous medium, thegel, where an electric field induces the nucleic acids to migrate toward the anode, due to the net negative charge of the sugar-phosphate backbone of the nucleic acid chain. The separation of these fragments is accomplished by exploiting the mobilities with which different sized molecules are able to pass through the gel. Longer molecules migrate more slowly because they experience more resistance within the gel. The DNA fragments of different lengths are visualized using a fluorescent dye specific for DNA, such asethidium bromide. The gel shows bands corresponding to different nucleic acid molecules populations with different molecular weight. Fragment size

The purpose of the lab was to find and extract the DNA of a strawberry. If the strawberry was crushed, and extraction buffer that consisted of salt and dish soap was added, filtered, and isopropyl was then added then the strawberry’s DNA would be able to be extracted.

Moreover, there are many enzymes that participate in the unwinding of the old strands of DNA molecule such as topoisomerase. This enzyme is responsible for initiation of the unwinding of the old strands of DNA molecule. Once supercoiling has been eliminated by the topoisomerase, helicase accomplishes unwinding of the original double strand. In order to aid with the unwinding process, DNA gyrase catalyzes the formation of negative supercoils. The unwound helix, with each strand being synthesized into a new double helix, is called the replication fork.