The materials used to preform the lab include; living Daphnia, water, 3 pieces of thread, slide and cover slides, microscope, alcohol substance. The pieces of thread will be used to keep the Daphnia in place on the slide under the microscope. Placing the Daphnia under the microscope we were able to see the heart located on the upper part of the Daphnia. With the transparent structure of the Daphnia. We are able to visually see the solution affecting the heart beats. Before applying the solution we took the three readings of the normal Daphnia heart rate for 15 seconds and multiply the number by 4 to collect the number of 1 minute. After we applied the same method observing the heart beat affected by the solution and recorded the heart beats
Their transparent bodies help the experimenters to easily see their pulse. Another reason for choosing this specific organism is their body structure—large surface area to size ratio. This feature allows the substances, such as the household drugs, to easily enter their body which then can affect their health.(1) The household drugs used in this experiment were decaffeinated coffee, tea, instant
The five substances are which determined the outcome of the HR of each Daphnia. The methods that were conducted in the lab procedure are as followed: Step one the group got out the microscopes and obtained one depression slide. Using a dropper Chelsea gathered one Daphnia and placed it in the middle of the slide. Step two while the Daphnia was on the slide, Chelsea began to position the microscope to place the slide and the Daphnia in the middle of the lens to get a better view of the Daphnia and its heart. Step three, the group gathered all five substances starting with the sleeping pill.
To perform this test, a small drop of water is placed on a clean microscope slide. A metal loop that has been properly sterilized in the blue flame and allowed time to cool is used to
I analyzed my Daphnia Magna everyday by observing if the Daphnia were alive or not at the end of each day. I did this by observing if the Daphnia had sunk to the bottom of the container and not moving at all for a long time. For Trial 1, SIXDAYSOX had 2 Daphnia alive while Gmark and Vitalsox only had one alive. For Trial 2, on Day 1 all the sock brands started out well and all four Daphnia survived. On Day 7 of Trial 2, Vitalsox had two Daphnia left while Gmark and SIXDAYSOX had only one alive.Also for Trial 2 one of the 4 control Daphia had died. For Trial 3, Gmark and SIXDAYSOX both had 4 Daphnia left while Vitalsox had three remaining. On Day 7 of Trial 3, Gmark had no Daphnia alive while SIXDAYSOX and Vitalsox both had one remaining.
Week three the daphnia are tested under different concentrations of an herb to see if the herb causes any types of stress on the variable. All of the same methods are done as in week one and two except in preparing the herbal solutions. To prepare the herbal solution the herb needs to be grinded mixed with methanol and left to sit for a few minutes so it can react and separate the important contents of the herb out. In large clear wells the mixture is measured in microliters of 500, 50 and 5, we also measure out 500 of methanol and all of these are left to dry out. Then 5ml of water is added to 5 wells the four
To begin the experiment, we took a single Daphnia magna from the unused tank to run control tests with distilled water on the untampered heart rate of the species. The species was placed on a concave slide with a new drop of water on it. It was given 2 minutes of recovery time to adjust to its new environment; then, the heart rate was studied by intervals of 15 seconds to find beats per minute by multiplying the number of beats in 15 seconds by 4. The Daphnia magna was studied under a light microscope with 40x total magnification. After each round of data collection, the water was absorbed with a Kimwipe so a new water drop could be placed on the species. The same Daphnia magna was used for six rounds of control experiments. After
After the Daphnia was given time to calm down, the team took a reading of its heart rate at room temperature (27 degrees C). The reading was taken by counting the heart beats for ten seconds and then multiplying by six to yield beats per minute. Next, a glass Petri dish was filled with ice water at five degrees Celsius. The cold water Petri dish was placed on the stage of the microscope, and the Daphnia was placed on top of the dish. When the Daphnia had been given a minute to acclimate to the changes, another heart rate reading was taken. Then the same procedure using the Petri dish to changed environmental conditions was used with cold tap water (23 degrees), warm tap water (30 degrees), and hot tap water (45 degrees). A heart rate reading was taken for each temperature.
This experiment is being performed to show the effect of pH levels on daphnia by changing pH levels and measuring the heart rate.
Due to the miniature size of a Daphnia, biologists have had unique troubles with analysing the way the systems of the Daphnia function. Biologists have argued, that the circulatory system of a Daphnia relies on diffusion or convection. However, it has been decided that depending on the oxygen levels in the environment will affect the way that the circulatory system of the Daphnia functions. The levels of haemoglobin will also affect the functioning of the circulatory system in the water flea. Haemoglobin is a red blood cell, assisting the
To secure the sensor a constant amount of putty was placed abound the opening of the tubes, this also ensured that the water would not flow out during the trials. The “body” of the butterfly was then taped to the center of the underside of each butterfly. The entire butterfly was clamped at 4 inches from the light source (90-watt light bulb), which was clamped to the top of the ring stand. The butterflies remained under the light bud for ten minutes, during this this time the sensors collected data 6 times per minute. This was done a total of thirty times, ten trials per butterfly.
Common testing conducted by researchers uses many features of Daphnia. The transparency of Daphnia and the visibility of their hearts is the basis for the majority of experiments conducted on Daphnia. (Villegas-Navarro, Roses-L & Reyes, 2003). Many other researchers have conducted experiments on Daphnia while also paying attention to the cardiovascular region of Daphnia (Campbell & Matthews, 2004). Researchers have
My hypothesis was supported in the experiment due to the fact that caffeine raised the beats per minute, while kava drastically decreased the amount of heart beats in a given minute. By looking at figure 1 you are able to see that kava decreased the heart rate by -46 beats per minute, while the caffeine raised the beats to 26 per minute. This supports the conclusion that the stimulation humans receive off of caffeine has a similar effect in Daphnia Magna. Caffeine raises the beats per minute in each individual, while kava decreases the amount of beats. This is due to kava’s relaxation properties found within it’s roots commonly called kavalactones. I assumed that the effects of caffeine and kava on humans would be similar to those of Daphnia
An error that occurred during within this lab experiment was not weighing the beaker at the same, tampering with the results. There was chaos within the first beaker it could not be be put on the plastic balance. Making a quick decision that was not in the procedure, which was wait 3 and half mins before weighing the becker instead of 1 min after boiling out water and the cardondixode gas out. this caused the lab experiment to had a later start time. The time of weighing the sodium acetate was effect within this error caused the results to be different.
Both temperature and chemical changes to the environment were observed to effect the daphnia’s heart rate. Increasing water temperature
(This experiment is aimed to use 10 Artemia, however, 7 to 13 Artemias are able to achieve the goal in this experiment.). Then seal the cuvette under water and make sure no air bubble is inside the cuvette. After that, put the cuvette into the temperature controlled water bath for ten minutes. After 10 minutes, take the cuvette to the oxygen meter to measure the oxygen concentration by holding the end of the end of the fibre-optic cable squarely on to the senor spot from the outside of the cuvette until the concentration has been shown on screen and record it down. Then return the Artemia to the same incubation bath and repeat this procedure every 5 minutes and measure it for 4 to 5 times. After the process above, we have to find out the total length of the Artemias in the cuvette. To find the total length of the Artemia, use the pipette to move the Artemia out of the cuvette and settle them into a watch glass and measure the length of the Artemias by ruler. At last but not least, put those high energy intake Artemia back into the sink and repeat the experiment instead of those low intake Artemia. On the other hand, to find the difference of activity of the high and low energy intake Artemia, those Artemia will be tracked by the software named, the Tracker and the Tracker are able to determine the velocity of the Artemia under different treatment for 5 replicates.