The United States was a very divided country between the North and the South in the 19th century. “Reconstruction was a vicious and destructive experience, a period where when vindictive Northerners inflicted humiliation and revenge on the divided south” (Brinkley 351). During the time of reconstruction, President Lincoln and Andrew Johnson had large plans for the country but shortly took a sharp turn of the unexpected, radicals put in the Black Codes and amendments into the law, and the south had “redeemed” itself and began to rebuild. The government had multiple plans for reconstruction and President Lincoln had one in specific. He favored a policy that “Southern white unionists (former Whigs) could become the nucleus of the new loyal state …show more content…
Black codes, amendments, and new congressional bills were all key factors in the start of the “rebuilding” phase. Johnsons plan for reconstruction was followed until December of 1865 when congressed refused his new idea and created a joint committee to frame a policy of their own. Black codes were one of the first “laws” put into order. These codes were “allowing authorization to local officials to apprehend unemployed black, fine them for vagrancy and hire them to private employers to satisfy fines” (Brinkley 358). Johnson did not approve of black laws because they were basically reselling them [African Americans] into being slaves again. Congress overrode Johnson’s veto and soon after this congress did approve the fourteenth amendment. The 14th amendment was the first constitutional definition of American citizenship; “All who were born in the United States and naturalized was automatically a citizen and entitled to all privileges” (Brinkley 359). President Jackson was not the president everyone had faith in. He went behind the backs of the trustful Americans and was still administering his reconstruction programs. In early 1867, the states began looking for evidence and plans to remove him from office. The impeachment process began shortly after they found key evidence to support their reasoning of impeachment. “The vote was 35 to 19 and was one vote short for the 2/3 majority” (Brinkley …show more content…
The compromise of 1877 was supposed to shape the south but it failed in stabilizing the republicans. However, with the democrats the south found ways to stabilize and change some past lifestyles. The economy started to grow with the textile industry expanding drastically. Railroad expansion was quickly to follow and was another incredible development in the new south. The expansion of the railroad allowed goods to be transported easier and quicker. As we continued to battle for the country, the men had to go fight and the women had to take over jobs to support the families. Women became a huge part in the workforce, which kept the economy growing and giving the females more rights. As the country kept growing in a positive direction, the white southerners never accepted racial equality and made that very clear in the government. “Laws restricting the franchise and segregating schools were only part of a network of state and local statues- known as the Jim Crow Laws” (Brinkley
Lincoln’s main goal for his presidency was to unify the Union after the Civil War had torn the North and the South apart. In Lincoln’s “Second Inaugural Address” he says, “While the inaugural address was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to saving the Union without war...” (Lincoln 68). When Lincoln was elected for his first term, he wanted to unify the Union even before the war had
Lincoln's main goal was to reunite the Union after the North had won and demolished most of the South. Lincoln wanted to reunite the North and South but the South didn't want to join a slave free north. Lincoln came up with the 10 percent plan which required 10 percent of the state’s population to vote to be loyal to the North and then that state would have to create a new government. The southern states combated this plan with the Wade-Davis Bill which stated that reconstruction would be handed over to congress and the Southern States
With the era of American Reconstruction in America during the mid to late 1800’s came a sense of opportunity and hope for its people. America was on the move as nation, railroads being built faster than ever and the freedmen looking to find their niche in society. Although in the beginning the government provided support for these new citizens, efforts toward reconstruction faded as the years passed. Those efforts faded to a point where they were all but nonexistent, and with the unwritten Compromise of 1877, what feeble efforts that were left of reconstruction were now all but dead. Politically, reconstruction failed to provide equality by pulling Federal troops from the South, allowing former Confederate officials and slave owners
After the Civil War, the South was strongly altered through a series of passed laws and acts in the a period known as the Reconstruction Era. This plan of reconstruction which was to bring reformation to the lives of Southern African Americans lasted from 1865-1877. This plan was brought by President Lincoln . Unfortunately he was shot and killed by a leader of a Confederate sympathizer, John Booth. As a result, President Jackson took office and was left in charge. The reconstruction was a great necessity for the fact that the result of this was a united nation between the North and South including the equality of African Americans.
Before the reconstruction era was the U.S civil war. During this time (as well as before), African Americans were treated as slaves and subject to extreme discrimination and inhumane treatment. One major point of this is that African American slaves had absolutely no rights, but this changed after the civil war ended in 1864 and the reconstruction era began. The reconstruction era as previously stated, began after the end of the civil war (so it began in 1865) and ended in 1877 with the Compromise of 1877 (when the remaining troops were removed from the South due to the Compromise of 1877, the reconstruction era was formally ended).
On the KKK Document, Reconstruction was a failure because it lead to white supremacy. Abram Colby, who was a former slave and a member of the Georgia legislature, was beaten in an effort to put an end to him being a Radical Republican. In the KKK document, it states, “they sent in and whipped me a thousand licks more, with sticks and straps that had buckles on the ends of them.” Members of the Ku Klux Klan had beaten Colby savagely in 1869 in an attempt to end his political activities as a Radical Republican, after prior efforts to bribe the black legislator had failed. Colby was kidnapped and beaten by the famous white supremacy group known as the Ku Klux Klan because he was a radical. Radicals wanted African Americans to be given full citizenship
The Reconstruction Period it was from 1865-1877, it established the 13th-15th amendments which abolished slavery, gave rights and citizenships to African Americans, and gave the right to African Americans the right to vote. There was Black Codes to control the labor and behavior of former slaves. President Andrew Johnson wanted to abolished the 13th-15th amendments because he only believed that white would control the world. After the Civil War, the states became part of the Confederacy which brought all together into the United States. The trial of James Byrd Jr. was when James Byrd Jr. was beaten up and dragged by three white men in 1998. There was interviews for the two races, black and white, to put their point of view on what they think
The reconstruction period followed the Civil war. The Civil war was between the North and South over the issue of slavery. This started from 1865 to 1877, and the reconstruction period intended to bring the South back to the Union. Part of it was placing the thirteenth, fourteenth, and the Fifteenth Amendment to help solve the disputes of slavery that caused the Civil War. This did not mean that all racial issues would not exist anymore, for example there was the Trail Of James Byrd which was a trail between the white group and black group. On June 7th, 1998 James Byrd, a 49-year old black man, was offered a ride by three white men at night who chained him to the back of their truck and dragged him 3 1/2 miles to death which lead to their death
After the Civil War, reconstruction was considered unsuccessful because it did not help the ethnic tensions between black and white people. Although, black people were free from slavery with the help of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendment; they still were being treated unfairly against white people. When Andrew Johnson was elected president after the assassination of Lincoln, he vetoed bills that would help black people; he made it easy for the Confederate states to come back into the Union without guaranteeing the equal rights to blacks. Andrew Johnson allowed the returning southern states to enact “black codes”, which made the freed slaves like serfs, working on plantations and forced with hard labor. For instance, Mississippi
Reconstruction is often thought of as something that happened in the South. But events there were part of a much broader transformation. Far beyond the ex-Confederacy, the United States embarked on an ambitious process of nation building. (A. 446) The U.S. Constitution does not address the question of how to restore rebellious states. After the Civil War, the nation had to determine whether the Confederate states, upon seceding, had legally left the Union. If so, then their reentry required action by Congress. If not — if even during secession they had retained their constitutional status — then restoring these states might be an administrative matter, best left to the president. Lack of clarity on this fundamental question made for explosive politics. In the early years of Reconstruction, the president and Congress struggled over who was in charge. Only by winning this fight did Republicans in Congress open the way for the sweeping achievements of radical Reconstruction. (A. 447) As of 1877, all of the Confederate states had drafted new constitutions, recognized the new Amendments set forth (the 13th, 14th, and 15th), and had fully pledged their loyalty to the United States government. This allowed for the settling of states’ rights vs. federalism debate that had been ongoing since the mid1790s. While Reconstruction was a success on many fronts, there
At first analysis, the Reconstruction seemed like a long-overdue liberation for slaves. By 1877, America had earned title of “United States”, as the Confederate states had instituted new constitution that acknowledged the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments and pledged their loyalty to the U.S. government.
Many historians assert that Reconstruction started during the Civil War with federal government debates that began in early 1863; however, history typically acknowledges the Reconstruction Era as the time between the conclusions of the Civil War’s armed conflict in 1865 through the signing of the Compromise of 1877. Historians agree in practicality that this tumultuous period of Reconstruction did not just abruptly end in 1877 as African Americans continued to face racial bias and discrimination through the Jim Crow era in the 1890s and on through the first decades of the twentieth Century. The freedom and exuberance that 4.2 million ex-slaves experienced at the end of the Civil War did not automatically convert to equality, nor did their
Even though he knew President Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction is to rebuild the south. This would involve letting the rebel state take its place back in the Union however meet the conditions of the ten percent plan. In short words it was so that the state would have to ten percent of the people who had voted in the 1860 election to take an oath. When the state reaches ten percent of the people taking oath, the state could form a state government. However President Johnson’s plan was so that the whites should be more
During the time of Reconstruction, the federal government did little to help the people of America as a whole, they concentrated on bettering African American lives and “reconstructing” the South. The focus during this time period was to protect the rights of African Americans, which had long and hard been fought for. The federal government made it their priority to ensure equal rights among all black people. Also, the readmission of the Confederate states was essential to the federal
At the turn of the 19th century the United States had accomplished a change in power without violence. The inauguration of Thomas Jefferson marked a time in history when things everywhere started to progress rapidly. The two dominant regions the North and South, looked like it would be bearable to work with each other and be able to discuss any problems with healthy debates. However as time progressed toward the 1860s, the North and South proved to differentiate among each other with few similarities. Economically, the North was based on manufacturing while the South was rural based. Socially, the North was generally anti-slavery while the South was pro-slavery. And lastly, politically, we see the return of the