Decay Of Decay And Decay

During the last decade, major progress has been made in the treatment of disease with radioisotopes. Treatments involving the use of medical isotopes are gaining momentum in the race against many types of cancer. FDA approved and highly promising therapies are doubling every 3 to 4 years. Some researchers predict that over 80% of cancer types should be treatable with

Strontium is a chemical element with symbol Sr and atomic number (protons in nucleus) 38 and atomic weight 88.1 It is a soft, silver-gray metal, and has physical and chemical properties like to Calcium and Barium. It is available as four stable isotopes ubiquitously (Isotopes are differ in forms of an by number of protons in nucleus but possess a variable number of neutrons.) Strontium-88 is the most dominant among other forms, comprising 83% of natural strontium, where in additional three stable isotopes and their relative abundance are strontium-84 (0.6%), strontium-86 (9.9%), and strontium-87 (7.0%). Strontium is available ubiquitous vitally as as celestite (SrSO4) and strontianite (SrCO3), and it comprises about 0.025% of the earth’s crust. There are 16 major radioactive isotopes of strontium, but only strontium-90 has a half-life sufficiently long (29 years). In comparison with half-lives of remaining strontium radionuclides are fewer than 65 days. Strontium-90 decays to yttrium-90 by decaying a beta particle, and yttrium-90 decays by decaying a energetic beta particle with a half-life of 64 hours to zirconium-90. The key health concerns for strontium-90 are associated to the energetic beta particle from yttrium-90.2

2. An isotope is like a different version of an original atom. It has the same number of protons but the neutrons change. As a result, the atomic number remains the same but the mass number changes.

Chemical elements can exist in different types which are called isotopes. Isotopes have protons, electrons and neutrons. Isotopes have the same number of protons and neutrons but different number of neutrons. There are many forms of isotopes such as radioactive isotopes. A radioactive isotope can be artificially created and naturally created, radioactive isotopes are chemical elements having an unstable nucleus which decays. Alpha, beta or gamma rays are emitted until the isotope is stable. Stable form of an isotope is nonradioactive. In the 1930s Glenn T.Seaborg and his coworker original discovered the radioactive isotope Cesium 137. Isotopes may or may not be radioactive, Cesium 137 is a radioactive isotope, only elements with an unstable

Atoms are the microscopic building blocks of all matter in the universe. Everything around us are made of atoms, including radiation. The centre of an atom is called the nucleus, it is made of two particles: protons, which carry a positive charge and neutrons, which have no charge. Electron carry a negative charge and it is outside of a nucleus. The attraction of these negative electrons to the positive nucleus is what keep the atom together. All the atom of the given elements has a specific number of protons and neutrons, but sometimes it will have too many of those and become radioactive and an unstable atom is called a radioisotope. When radioactive want to be stable again, they must release energy until they get back to a balanced state.

The area the area where a person gets radiation consists of all the tumor and a small area of regular tissue around it. The small area of regular tissue around the tumor is included because breathing and the moving of organ can affect the position of the tumor and to reduce the chance of getting cancer by killing the bad cells that have spread to regular ones.The use of radiation therapy began shortly after the discovery of radium and x-rays.In 1903, doctors reported the success of radium treating cancer.Doctors used the brachytherapy method, which is putting the radioactive material inside the body near the tumor.This method is still in use and has been improved to be more efficient.From the first use of radiation therapy to the 1950’s, doctors start to discover the side effects of over exposure.In 1965, radiation was use to treat liver cancer, which was previously incurable.In the 1980’s radiation becomes standard use and is used with chemotherapy for tumors that cannot be removed surgicaly.In the early 90’s, powerful computers allow the use of 3D imaging to help target tumors better and make better treatment plans.In the late 1990’s, a new method of radiation therapy is used to help protect important organs from radiation.In 1999, numerous methods for curing cancer are discovered.The future of

Compared to alpha and beta radiation, gamma rays have the highest power of penetration. It can go through a thick sheet of lead, and it has a nearly endless range in air and travels at the speed of light (which is x10^8m/s).

Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, protons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors (National Cancer Institute, 2016). One of the main purposes of radiation is to preserve the normal cells while killing the cancer cells. To fully understand the importance of radiation therapy it is imperative to understand its discovery. The discovery of radioactivity is attributed to Henri Becquerel in Paris. His discovery was purely accidental, as most discoveries are, while attempting an experiment that utilized the sun, uranium, and photographic plates. On 26-27 February 1896, Henri Becquerel took the uranium and photographic plates wrapped in black paper to initiate his experiment by placing them in the path of sun light, but to his misfortune it was overcast both days. Thinking that his experiment was a failure, Becquerel decided to develop the photographic plates and found that uranium did not need the sun’s rays to emit radiation due to its own radioactive properties, thus discovering radioactivity. The actual term “radioactivity” was coined by Marie Curie, a Polish born physicist, who along with her husband had been studying the phenomenon that was discovered by Becquerel (Lawrence Berkely National Lab, 2000).

The development of nuclear technology was one of the most significant achievements of the twentieth century. Nuclear medicine technique in hospitals use radioactive materials to treat patients. Medical radioisotopes have been used in nuclear medicine for many years for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Atoms of an element that have the same mass number but different neutron numbers are known as isotopes. For diagnostic techniques, the radioactive isotope is injected or inhaled by the patient and attached to a bioactive molecule that allows the radiologist to provide information about the disease or the function of certain organs without surgery by using radiation detectors located outside of the patient body. Applications include heart

On the periodic tables, there are 26 man-made elements out of 118 total elements. An isotope is a variation of an element with different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei that can have distinct properties that make them scientifically and industrially valuable. To make a stable element protons and neutrons should cancel each other out making for a more stable nucleus. To keep element making going labs will be upgraded to next-generation atomic colliders to create many different elements.

Each element in the periodic table has a specific proton (atomic) number. Research an element which has at least two isotopes and provide the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for each isotope. (You may not choose carbon).

Images of an individual’s body (News Medical, 2015). The radioactive substance works with the nuclear medicine and this is important because it aids with looking inside the opaque human body (News Medical, 2015). Within this paper you will read how the technical and scientific perceptions relate to nuclear medicine.

X-rays and gamma rays are used in medicine to diagnose and treat diseases. X-rays are used mostly for diagnostic testing to produce images of the bones, but they are also used in chemotherapy to treat cancer. Gamma rays can kill living cells, so it is also used in chemotherapy to kill tumor cells. They are also used to kill harmful bacteria and sterilize medical equipment. Gamma rays are used a lot in nuclear medicine to detect abnormalities in the body. (“GCSE Bitesize: X-rays and gamma rays,”

Radioactivity is defined as “the spontaneous emission of particles”. (Nuclear Energy). Radioactivity is caused by an unbalanced nucleus in the cell. This happens because there is either an uneven number of protons and/or neutrons. When this happens, the element is considered to have multiple isotopes. An isotope is an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. Thus, they have different atomic weights. This is important to know because there is a such thing as a radioactive isotope. These elements just have additional energy, and they release radiation in different forms. “There are over 800 radioactive isotopes, some of which are natural and some synthetic.” (Helmenstine). Radioactive elements can be both artificial and natural. However, in medicine, most of them are more than likely synthetic, since they are the most popular types.

The above data was the data that was collected initially, following the procedure that was originally laid out. First the background data was collected, with the collection interval set to 10 seconds. Then both the gamma and the beta sources were collected at 2 and 4 centimeters. After this, the same procedure was repeated with the ceramic and the lead plates placed as close to center between the source and the radiation monitor as possible, this data provides some insight into the effect of shielding materials and distance on the intensity of radiation, however the small time period for collection means a lower precision than is desirable. The low value of the counts/min means a higher percent