Dengue Fever And Dengue Syndrome

(WHO 2015) It is now generally acknowledged that the global climate is changing as the earth becomes warmer, in particular due to the burning of fossil fuels. Human health may be impacted by shifting the geographic range and seasonality of infectious diseases, possibly increasing vector borne disease rates, disturbance of food-producing ecosystems, and increasing the frequency of extreme weather events such as droughts, cyclones, floods and bush

In year 2013, CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) get report of 2605 cases as regards to noticeable arboviral disease, comprising those caused through 2469 cases of WNV (West Nile Virus), 85 cases of LACV, 22 cases of JCV, 8 cases of EEEV, and 15 cases of POWV, and cases of few other diseases. These cases were stated from 26 percent (830) among the 3141 nations of U.S., no cases were stated from Hawaii or Alaska. The WNV virus is having majority of cases from all other cases. Therefore, it is measured as a vital or serious disease. (Nicole P. Lindsey, 2014)

Currently, one of the major problems in the world is the rapid change of our climate. Years of research and studies have linked climate change to the spreading and occurrence of many infectious diseases. Vectors and pathogens that were not able to spread to certain countries before because temperatures were too low for them to survive in are now being able to habituate these parts of the world because of how much warmer our planet is becoming. This is concerning to us because infectious diseases can increase death rates. Therefore, if our planet continues to get warmer, the more infectious diseases will spread, and the more humans will die. This research paper attempts to provide a better understanding on how diseases are spreading more

These higher temperatures are causing a higher population of mosquitoes. You may think this no big deal, they're just an annoying bug, however this is false. Organisms such as the mosquito as you may already know suck on your blood, and can carry blood into other victims. This process may cause your blood to be transferred. This could mean nothing, yet their is a chance that the first person was carrying some sort of a disease, now there is a chance that disease could be transferred to the next person causing a rise in affectability, spreadability, and amount of disease. Specific diseases these mosquitoes may transfer could include lymo, malaria, etc. (A camo, J.

West Nile virus is the most significant exotic mosquito-borne disease that has come to the contiguous United States in the last century. Outbreaks have proven extremely difficult to predict and control and have been associated with considerable morbidity. The large outbreak in 2012, which caught many by surprise, indicates that West Nile virus will remain a formidable public health challenge for years to come (“FAQ: West Nile Virus,” par. 3).

The most recent outbreak of the West Nile virus was last reported in Southern California. There has already been three deaths around the San Diego area. California has been testing dead birds and the mosquito population. San Diego has been hit with 80 percent of mosquito’s which have been testing positive for West Nile Virus. Officials in the San Diego area, recommend that victims of the virus communicate with others, as most express that they feel no appreciable symptoms. The deaths are more likely to occur in elderly victims and those with weakened immune systems face a greater chance of developing severe symptoms, which may require

CNN observes that the west nile virus is an illness spread by infected mosquitoes. The west nile virus has killed many people and you should use bug spray when you go outside mainly at night. The symptoms of the west nile virus take a while to show up and sometimes you will have this virus but get no symptoms. West nile virus can be deadly and harmless, but then when you get it who knows if it will be bad or good. (“CNN” 2016). This evidence supports my thesis statement because it answers

According to the World Health Organization, a 2008 study showed that in the last 100 years, the world has warmed by approximately 0.75oC (Cruickshank 354). This warming has been and is a major factor that has contributed to the increase of destructive weather events. Such could be true in the case of the deadly typhoon that struck the Philippines in November of 2013. These weather events, in turn, contribute to the fact that infectious disease is the cause of approximately 37 percent of all the deaths in the world. This statistic is only expected to increase as a result of global warming. Additionally, over 40% of the citizens of developing countries and less than 2% of the citizens of developed countries are infected at any given time (Chan et al. 330). This is a staggering inequality, and it is undeserved that many of the countries that are being the most affected did little to contribute to the cause of global warming. This is why developing countries were specifically chosen to be looked into opposed to the entire earth population. Now, that some context has been given, more specific examples and studies can be looked into.

Food borne illnesses such as salmonella, shigellosis, and other bacteria related food poisonings will increase due to the rapid rise in temperature. These diseases can cause gastrointestinal problems, even death. An increase in rain flow causes flooding which can lead to an increase in food contamination. Water borne diseases Cryptosporidium and Giardia increase with heavy rainfall, and these parasites can be very harmful to the human body. Animal borne diseases such as Lyme disease and West Nile virus will increase as air temperature rises. Ticks and mosquito population will grow rapidly and conditions will be favorable for new strains of the diseases listed above. These diseases will have an effect on my career as a Forensic

As a result of the mosquitoes physically being able to occupy a different vector, certain diseases also begin to expand to occupy that vector as well. As stated by an article about the population dynamics of mosquitoes, “global changes . . . lead to an extension of the distribution areas of certain mosquito species and the emergence of associated vector-borne diseases” (Ezanno et al.). As mosquitoes shift the vector of where they live as a result of this global warming, they bring what they have with them. In this case, this means that the mosquitoes bring these diseases with them throughout this new vector. Not only do mosquitoes bring these diseases with them to these new places, depending on the climate in this new area, certain diseases

Global warming may increase the risk of some infectious diseases, like malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and encephalitis. These diseases are spread by mosquitoes and other insects, and could become more common if a rise in temperature allows those insects to live farther north. Also, the increase in rainfall that is likely to occur with an increase in global temperature would serve to help increase the reproduction of the vectors. In February 1999, Britain's Institute of Animal Health linked outbreaks of the lethal horse fever virus in Africa to the El Nino phenomenon. The warming and increase in rainfall in Africa caused by El Nino led to many more horses being bitten by infected vectors. The scientists said their research shows this pattern is likely to happen with other vector-borne diseases when global warming occurs. Increased temperatures could also reduce the gestation periods of disease vectors, which could aid the breeding of strains resistant to pesticides. Scientists also hypothesize that algae

In 2012, Texas encountered the largest outbreak of the virus with 1868 cases reported. During that year, the mosquito population increased drastically. This was because there were higher temperatures and fluctuations between rainfall and drought which provided ideal conditions for mosquitoes to reproduce. The drought conditions reduced water flow and created stagnant water

The Dengue virus is currently the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral infection in the world. Yearly, it brings 50 million infections and a minimum of 1200 deaths. Originally, Dengue fever was transmitted to apes and monkeys by the Aedes stegomia mosquito, and rarely directly to humans. The main reason Dengue has been spreading increasingly over the past 25 years is because of the urbanization of tropical environments. The destruction of the jungles for habitation put humans in close range of the natural Dengue hosts, causing an outbreak of the virus in the human species (Macklin, 2014). In this case, the human impact on the viruses was the human interference with the environment in which this virus

These vectors can carry infective pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoa, which can be transferred from one host (carrier) to another. The seasonality, distribution, and prevalence of vector-borne diseases are influenced significantly by climate factors, primarily high and low temperature extremes and precipitation patterns. Climate change is likely to have both short- and long-term effects on vector-borne disease transmission and infection patterns, affecting both seasonal risk and broad geographic changes in disease occurrence over decades (see Figure ES6). While climate variability and climate change both alter the transmission of vector-borne diseases, they will likely interact with many other factors, including how pathogens adapt and change, the availability of hosts, changing ecosystems and land use, demographics, human behavior, and adaptive capacity. These complex interactions make it difficult to predict the effects of climate change on vector-borne

West Nile Virus (WNV) is a disease that generally is transmitted by mosquitos and can infect a number of organisms along with humans. Typically this virus reaches its peak of transmission when mosquitoes are most prevalent throughout the year, these months being from spring to fall. Fortunately, those who are infected with this illness generally do not show symptoms but those who do, can develop a fever which can sometimes result in a wide range of symptoms even death. It is important to take precautions during the peak months of mosquito abundance; precautions include wearing clothing that covers the body or even wearing bug repellent. It is important to understand this disease because it affects the human species and can result in death. Furthermore, we have seen a fluctuation in where this disease occurs over the years. We may see an outbreak in one state, but the following year may be different and no outbreak may occur. Lastly, the goal of this study is to investigate and determine what variables contribute to these fluctuations in this avian borne illness.