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Depression Annotated Bibliography

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The Association between Vitamin D and Depression
Depression is associated with “significant disability”, mortality and substantial health care costs affecting nearly 840 million people globally and 14.8 million Americans (Anglin, et al., 2013). The estimated economic burden to the United States is $210 billion per year (Greenberg, 2015). Depression can have several forms ranging from major with a single episode of repeated episodes of persistent (lasting for at least 2 years) (nami.org, n.d.). Depression can occur after trauma, with the onset of winter and declining sunlight (seasonal affective disorder (SAD)), post partum or situational (nimh.nih.gov, n.d.). There is a familial tendency to depression and “females, blacks, Hispanics and persons between the ages of 45-64” are more commonly affected (nami.org, n.d.; vitamindcouncil.org, 2013). Individuals with chronic diseases such as heart disease, arthritis, diabetes, an inability to maintain normal weight and a healthy lifestyle are more likely to be diagnosed with depression (vitamindcouncil.org, 2013). Treatment commonly consists of medication and/or psychotherapy, exercise, light therapy, brain …show more content…

In reviewing the journal articles it was important to decipher whether the serum 25 (OH) D was measured simultaneously with the baseline depression instrument. The half-life of vitamin D is approximately 15 days and is reflective of absorbed sunshine from the environment and from ingestion through food and supplements (ods.od.nig.gov, 2014). A depressive instrument done when the body’s window of true vitamin D concentration is unknown may not reflect a person’s true overall vitamin D or mental health status. Additionally, depression may be a chronic disease or fluctuate with acute episodes reducing the reliability of a depression

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