Software Questions
Describe the 6 steps in the Fetch-Execute Cycle
• Fetch instruction
• Decode instruction and Fetch Operations
• Perform ALU operations
• Access memory
• Write back result to register file
• Update the PC
The image below is a simplified view of a CPU. Define and describe each part and the role it plays in the CPU
PC: The Program Counter (PC) holds the address of the current instruction being executed or decoded.
IR: The Instruction Register (IR) is the part of the CPU’s control unit that holds the instruction currently being executed or decoded.
Control Unit: The Control Unit controls the fetching of instructions from the main memory and the subsequent execution of these instructions.
ALU: The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) carries out arithmetic operations on integer (whole number) and real (with decimal point) operands. At the end of each ALU operation, the status output signals are usually stored in external registers to make them available for future ALU operations.
Register X and Y: The CPU register is one of a small set of data storing places that are part of the computer processor. They may hold any kind of data, storage address or instruction.
The CPU contains 3 busses: The control bus, the address bus and the data bus.
What is a bus?
In computer design, a bus is a communication system that transfers information between components inside a computer, or amongst computers. This expression covers all related hardware parts and software, including
Processor: A computer processer, otherwise known as the CPU (Central Processing Unit) is a part of the computer that receives input and decides that the output will be. Many modern CPUs are capable of processing trillions of calculations per second. The speed of a processor measured by how many operations a CPU can do in one second; this is done in MHz or GHz (Megahertz or Gigahertz). A processer with the speed of 1 MHz does 1,000,000 operations per second, and a 1GHz processer does 1,000,000,000 operations per second. This is known as the clock speed.
BIOS (Basic Input Output System): BIOS set up the computer and boot the operating system it also handles the system setup process including driver loading.
3. The Graphical Processing Unit is a hardware component capable of quickly drawing items to the screen.
What do CPU’s do? The CPU is the Central Processing Unit; its aim is to be there the act as the brain of the computer. Other common name for the CPU is the processor. It is in control of the power the computer is receiving and using and the calculations that enable to the computer to be used. CPUs come in differing form factors and each has a particular way in which it will fit on to the motherboard. The most common manufactures of this part that people will know are Intel and AMD. The CPU is in charge of allowing programmes to be used. The CPU sorts the commands of a program into an order which enables it to be used.
i) CPU :CPU is an imparted aset as most servers, for example, file servers do some
Generally processes can be described as I/O bound or CPU bound. I/O bound spends more time in doing I/O operations rather than other computations. CPU bound is contrast to I/O bound, which spends time doing all other
A CPU, is what is regularly alluded to as a processor. A processor contains numerous discrete parts inside it, for example, one or more memory reserves for directions and information, guideline decoders, and different sorts of execution units for performing number juggling or legitimate operations.
Motherboard is centralized computer of the PC that all framework inside the electronic in light of the fact that a few sections are not quite the same as each other like RAM, CPU and framework unit
c) The memory chip reply with the data from the demanded memory position on the data bus.
CPU stands for Central Processing Unit and it’s the brain of the computer. CPU executes instructions that enable the operating system and application software to run on a system. Inside the CPU we can find three main components which are the ALU, Control Unit and memory unit. ALU stands for Arithmetic and Logic Unit and performs calculations like addition, multiplication, division and subtraction. It also compares results using “greater than”, “less than” or “equal to”. Control Unit controls the operation of the memory unit, processor and input/output units. Memory unit is where all data that the CPU may need to process is stored. The data is stored in the memory in binary form.
Direct addressing mode is when the register address is available in the operand of the instruction. An example of an instruction
5. This chapter describes the concepts behind how a CPU reads the contents from RAM. Which of
The host writes a byte of data into the data-out register, and sets the write bit in the command register
The uops that are to be computed are dispatched to ports 0, 1, 5 and 6 and are executed in the respective execution units. The execution units in Haswell are arranged in three stacks: SIMD integer, integer and FP which operate independent from each other. Each stack has different data types, potentially different registers and result forwarding networks. The data path can connect with a given stack for accessing the registers and forwarding network. Forwarding between networks may need an extra cycle to move different stacks. The load and store units access the port numbers 2-4 and 7 accesses the integer by pass network thus reducing the access to the GPR and latency for forwarding.
Assembly language uses a mnemonic to represent each low-level machine operation or opcode. Some opcodes require one or more operands as part of the instruction, and most