Integration of LEED indoor environmental quality credits into BIM software to design educational buildings with enhanced quality of indoor environment
Introduction & Background
According to the studies of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the level of pollutants inside the building can be two to five times higher than the outdoor levels and these pollutants are major cause of worry as majority of people invest their 90 percent of time in indoor activities (10). The educational buildings are heavily occupied most of the time as they provide facilities like classrooms, libraries, laboratories, etc. Hence, it is imperative to maintain indoor air quality of important buildings like educational buildings considering they have such a large amount of occupants.
The problems of indoor air quality in schools could be more serious than in other categories of buildings, due to a higher occupant density and insufficient outside air supply (also ventilation), worsened by often poor construction of school buildings (1). Generally a student is involved in a classroom for about 1300 hours in one year and hence poor indoor environment of an educational building can have a negative effect on a student (3).
LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is being largely incorporated into sustainable design and construction within the United States of America and in the various categories of LEED there is one category which addresses to the problem of indoor air quality. The
* Fresh air and light: This is very important for children to be healthy. When we take the children outside we are also giving them the opportunity to breathe in fresh oxygenated air which is essential for growing children and also giving them plenty of vitamin D from sunlight. Our class rooms are also very well ventilated and this ensures that the air is always circulating in and out of the class room and they all face an outside area to allow sunlight to enter the class room throughout the day. This is important because young children don’t yet know that they must cover their mouth when they cough to prevent germs from spreading (this is promoted though activities in class and also posters in the corridors). So if the air is well ventilated then germs are being reduced from spreading
We all appreciate having good health. However, in our current society, we have so much air pollution. This affects our health greatly, that why you need good quality indoors air systems. Which will ensure that the quality of the air you take in is of high quality? We offer a range of services that are aimed at ensuring that you and your family get the best quality of air. Our services include:
In LEED for residential buildings knowledge on residential building science will be gained. The class will involve learning about performance testing, visual verification, RESNET standards, ENERGY STAR for new homes, LEED for homes and energy audits of existing buildings. The pre-requisites for this elective are fluid mechanics and heat transfer.
For this assessment, the “Home Environmental Health and Safety Tool” by Davis, was utililzed (2007). It is referred to as Appendix A.
Ordinarily, buildings are not designed this way. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the average American spends 93% of their life indoors. (Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology (2001) Yet the places that we spend the most time in are also some of the worst for our health “concentrations of some pollutants are often 2 to 5 times higher than typical outdoor concentrations.”(Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology (2001)
Overpopulation The condition of being populated with excessively large numbers is the definition of overpopulation. Starting in 1980, the Communist Party introduced the one-child policy. China’s one-child policy has many different views and opinions. The policy was a good idea because of food shortages, air pollution, and the amount of resources.
“Is America the new Rome?” This quote has been making an appearance in many articles as of late, and people are digging deeper to figure out the truth. Arguments have been made supporting either case, but really America is quite different. Many of the things Americans have, the Romans could never have ever dreamed of creating. The three differences between Ancient Romans and Modern Americans are the use of technology, government, and social standings.
When in doubt, contact your local indoor air quality specialist. The CDC website lists contact information by state, and provides links to other valuable resources, including the National Association of Clean Air Agencies (NACAA).
LEED certified homes work by creating a home with less impact on the environment. "Buildings are rated on their ability to maximize the efficiency of their operations while minimizing their impact on the environment." (LEED Certification- What Is It and Why Does It Matter?) There are three levels of efficiency including silver, gold, and platinum. The way to achieve higher levels is to get more LEED points in certain categories such as how much energy the building used in a month. After adding these points together, the architect then checks the charts to see what level the house is in. These levels can be great selling points when selling to a customer that is interested in helping the environment. The higher the LEED level, the more interest that the building can bring in. Also, being LEED certified can be a great advantage when a customer is deciding what architect that they are going to use. A few ways that these buildings can get points are being efficient with energy, water, waste, and the materials used to construct the
When I was younger, I was an extremely quiet kid and as a child and I was deathly afraid of needles. Well, I had to get a shot from the doctor that was pretty bad for the nurses and the doctor. Another time is when my mom could not find me and had to pull together a search party but I was in the back yard the whole time. These experiences shaped my life and I became me.
Increasing ventilation rates: - A well cross ventilated house brings in more fresh air to breathe and also does not let any bad odors caused by bacteria to stay. Increasing ventilation rates and air distribution can be a cost effective way of reducing indoor pollutant levels. When there are strong pollutant sources, local exhaust ventilation may be appropriate to exhaust contaminated air directly from the building. Local exhaust ventilation is recommended to remove pollutants that accumulate in specific areas like rest rooms, copy rooms and printing facilities etc.
Indoor air pollution and urban air quality are listed as two of the world's worst pollution problems in the 2008 Blacksmith Institute World's Worst Polluted Places report.[1]
Indoor air quality (IAQ) refers to the quality of the air inside buildings as represented by concentrations of pollutants and thermal conditions that affect the health, comfort and performance of occupants. Other factors affecting occupants, such as light and noise, are important indoor environmental quality considerations.
For the past decade, I have taught in one of the smaller classrooms in my school. Nestled into a central hallway, the classroom sees a lot of traffic and is conveniently located near the Special Education office that houses a printer that I can pillage from in a pinch. Being an older classroom with original vents and windows that look directly into windows of another classroom, the room is not without its rustic charms (And by charms, I mean dust. An abounding amount of DUST). Nevertheless, I love this little classroom and the memories that have been created with my students and speechies through the years. This year, my husband also purchased a portable air purifier for, which significantly improved my ability to breathe through allergy season. Why didn't I think of that years ago?
According to a report by the Institute of Medicine’s Committee on the Effect of Climate Change on Indoor Air Quality and Public Health, climate-change-induced alterations to the outdoor environment are likely to affect the indoor environment, and as a result, the health of its inhabitants (2011). Climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall and hurricane events, leading to more breakdown of buildings, leaks and infiltration of water into the indoor environment, and flooding (IOM, 2011). The issue of indoor dampness and flooding lies in the creation of favorable conditions for the growth of mold. Moisture level has been shown to be the primary factor responsible for indoor mold growth (IOM, 2011). Exposure to mold is associated with various respiratory symptoms, such as coughing, wheezing, asthma exacerbation, and shortness of breath in vulnerable individuals (IOM, 2011). This combination of climate change and the subsequent increase in mold growth and exposure raises concerns for health, particularly the health of those with existing