Dietary Supplements Lab Report

Human error is easily obtained when working on an experiment with so many different solutions, time measurements, and accuracies of measurements. An easy mistake could have been made while waiting 15-20 minutes for the Carb Cutter to digest. With the time crunch in the Biology Lab, the Carb Cutter may not have been completely digested before rushing to begin the experiment. The results from the experiment showed an increase in absorbance with the Carb Cutter pill, which is not accurate because there is no way that more starch was made in the solution. Given more time for the procedure, this lab experiment may have received more accurate results.

This experiment was to test what is in each part of a Big Mac. The test was to see what macromolecules are in each of the ingredients. The ingredients that were tested were lettuce, special sauce, pickle, onion, cheese, meat, and bun. The ingredients were tested with all four of the chemicals. They were Lugol’s solution which tested for starch, Benedict’s solution which tested for sugar, Sudan IV which tested for lipids, and Biuret reagent which tested for protein. Each chemical found if that ingredient contained either proteins, lipids, starch, and/or sugar.

Often times on many products the nutritional values do not add up. The consumers receive the product believing that the nutritional value is correct when in fact it is the opposite. Because consumers are, on various occasions, being deceived by the manufacturers, this experiment was done to test to see if the protein in commercially available products is correct. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the concentration of the molecule that was being investigated. A colorimetric indicator was added to the standards, and a graph was formed. The graph was used to determine the mathematical relationship between concentration and absorbance. In this experiment three product’s protein content (whole milk, muscle milk, and protein shake) were tested. The milk and muscle milk content for protein was approximately right, but the protein content for the protein shake was wrong. The whole milk had a final concentration of 41 mg/ml, protein had a final concentration of 34 mg/ml, and muscle milk had a final concentration of 70 mg/ml.

2. Four unknown samples were included in the lab kit: flax seed meal, potato starch, egg whites, and dried milk. Using the results of the biochemical testing, determine which number corresponds to the correct unknown. (8 points)

The purpose of this lab was to test different substances using various procedures to see what biomolecules were present and ultimately find out what restaurant Anna Lyza had eaten at before she died. For the first control test, we used vegetable oil to test for lipids. So, if the solution does not contain lipids, it does not become translucent when placed onto a paper bag square and held up to a light. So, it is a negative result. However, in the presence of lipids, the solution will become translucent when placed onto a paper bag square and held up to a light. Therefore in this case, the result is positive. On the other hand, we used albumin egg to test for proteins in another control test. If the solution does not contain proteins, it will not experience any color change and so it is a negative result. When there are proteins existing in the solution, it will turn bluish/purplish and for this reason it is a positive result. Furthermore in the third control test, we used dextrose to test for simple carbohydrates such as glucose. If the solution does not contain simple carbohydrates, it will not undergo any color change and will remain a blue color. So, it is a negative result in this circumstance. If there are simple carbohydrates present in the solution, the solution will turn reddish and so the result is positive. For the last control test, we used starch solution to test

In this investigation concentration of protein was to be found using the concentration of a known protein( already labeled) by measuring the concentration of protein in milk and the absorbance of light. It is hypothesized that the protein that will be tested will be the same as the already labeled one. The outcome from the lab shows that the protein that was used did not respond the same as the already labeled one known from the standard curve, therefore rejecting the hypothesis.The results prove the hypothesis as incorrect because the proteins concentration were different when the concentration was calculated and all had a high percent difference.

Macromolecules are present in each of the five foods being tested which are pretzels, green peas, apple juice, biscuit mix and bacon bits. To determine this, reagents for the four macromolecules are being used which are Benedict’s, Iodine, Sudan IV and Biuret Solution. The independent variable in this experiment are the different foods being tested. The dependent variable in this experiment is the presence of the macromolecules.

Figure 1: After these test tubes were added with HNO3 and heated for 1 hour, they were allowed to cool at room temperature over one week. Lactose, Galactose, and the unknown formed a white precipitate on the bottom of the tubes, whereas the control and glucose remained colorless. This mucic acid test was extremely helpful since it helped to narrow down the possibilities for the unknown. The unknown carbohydrate had to be either lactose or galactose.

This paper will focus on some important nutrients that are important for general health: fiber and protein. My personal daily intake will be analyzed to determine what foods are providing the right type of proteins and fiber, and how food consumption might be adjusted to provide for a healthier nutrient intake. It is important to state at the outset that the nutrient intake that is being used for this analysis is only for a one-day period. However, it will provide some insight into my eating habits and how those habits might be improved from a scientific standpoint.

The purpose of this experiment was to see the last place where the murder victim went to. The objective of this is to see if his contents contain the very following lipids, proteins, carbohydrates-glucose, and carbohydrates-starch. When testing for lipids it tested negative. The paper bag was not translucent to show that they were any signs of lipids. When testing for carbohydrates-glucose. The heated Benedict compound was still blue meaning there was no signs of there being glucose. This might have happened because something went wrong while testing like for example, all of the foods suppose to have lipids when the group tested negative for lipids. There must have been a low amount of polysaccharides and fatty acids that they could not be

The goal of the experiment was to determine the effect that fertilizer has on the health of an aquatic ecosystem that consisted of ghost shrimp, Malaysian trumpet snails, and elodea. The organisms were added to mason jars filled with water, along with varying amounts of water soluble fertilizer, and placed in a well-lit, temperate environment and monitored daily using qualitative observations and with readings from a dissolved oxygen probe and test kit. The hypothesis of the experiment that stated that if 187.5 grams of fertilizer is added to the ecosystem, then all of the organisms will be killed off because the overabundance of nitrates and phosphates in the water will cause eutrophication to occur was not completely supported by the data

Analysis: In this experiment, every substance tested positive for at least 1 organic compound. Corn oil tested positive for lipids. Honey and oats tested positive for starch. Honey, apple juice, and unknown 1 tested positive for sugar. Egg white, gelatin, and unknown 2 all tested positive for proteins. So, not a single substance didn't test positive for at least 1 organic compound. All the indicators used in this experiment change color when in the presence of a compound; therefore, they chemically react with the compound. No errors were made during this experiment

Solutions and color reaction for Benedict’s test for reducing sugars and 2 iodine test for starch

During the Benedict's test, the contents of tube B did not change, indicating the absence of sugar in that particular substance. However, the contents of tube A did change orange indicating the presence of sugar in that substance. During the Lugol's test, the content of tube A did not change dark purple indicating the absence of starch in that substance However, the content of tube B changed to dark purple

Iodine was used to test for the presence of starch, remaining yellow for its negative control and becoming a blue-black colour if a reaction occurred;