Discrimination against members of certain social groups deteriorates social welfare. Despite such undesirable consequences, numerous papers have shown that discrimination exist in the hiring processes (e.g., Bertrand and Mullanthain, 2004; Bush, Dahl and Dittrich, 2009). Such findings imply that employers make biased hiring decisions, and do not always maximise their companies’ productivity. In addition, the discriminated social members are discouraged to improve their productivity, which further increases the social deadweight loss.
As part of the effort to eliminate discrimination in the hiring processes, the ‘double-blind’ screening method, or ‘blind’ auditions, have been implemented. This method involves hiding candidates’ names and/or appearances from employers, such that employers only make hiring decisions based on merit and productivity. Empirical evidence from the American symphony orchestras show that audition candidates ‘blind’ increases the probability of females being hired (Goldin and Rouse, 2001). Motivated by success in the symphony orchestras, ‘blind’ auditions are now adopted in the auditions of vocal competitions. As the American symphony orchestras have seen their revenue and profits declining, it is becomes more important to test if discrimination exists in the popular music industry, especially the reality singing competitions. The primary objective of this research is to examine the effectiveness of ‘blind’ auditions in vocal competitions, using
and social problems impacted the data generated. Thus, Rys demonstrated that exposure to unpleasant living conditions does negatively affect one’s life.
Discrimination against worker on basis of their sexual orientation and racial discrimination adversely affects the economic performance of companies in the various ways: First, in the business environment the new truth is one that puts a premium on gifted labor. Therefore, companies must make hiring verdicts solely based on an applicant’s qualifications and capabilities that associate to performance on the task if they are to outdo the rivalry. When companies hire persons on the grounds of job-irrelevant aspects such as racial discrimination and sexual orientation businesses are left with an inferior workforce that weakens their capability to produce healthy returns (Oeo.tufts.edu, 2015).
Minorities face twice as much racial profiling than white Americans. “The federal office of personnel management report that when education, performance rating and other factors are held the constant African americans are twice as likely as whites to be dismissed from government jobs” (Mullings 17). When it comes to companies dismissing
People in dominant groups often perpetuate discrimination because it provides them separation and privilege. It is something that people have always done in order to exploit another group for personal gain. However; racism is a much newer concept that was built off that idea. It allowed groups of people to conquer one another, enslave them, take their territory, and oppress them. Now, to answer your question, the way to change racism is to be an ally and identify one's own privilege. Being an ally gives individuals the power to spread awareness and to educate them on the social construction of racism. These passionate people are the heartbeat for the movement to end racism. And no, simply not identifying ones race is not enough. Color blindness
The disparate impact, on the other hand, denotes the practices in hiring as well as other sectors that unfavorably distress a certain diverse group in the protected classes more than others. This is despite having neutral rules applied by the employers. These violations can be shown by providing evidence that the employment policies and practices have excessively negative effects on the protected group as compared with others (Schneider, 2010). Consequently, the disparate impact forbids the employers from utilizing a facially unbiased hiring practice that has an unfounded hostile effect on the specified protected group. The disparate impact is mostly inadvertent; however, the
Modood et al (1997) has noted that discrimination whether it being direct or indirect, individual or institutional, still appears a powerful constraint on career prospect
It can be argued that an immigrant’s entire career can be negatively impacted by prejudice. Firstly, Asian people cannot land a job interview because of their name. In comparison to those with Anglo names, according to the joint study by the University of Toronto and Ryerson University immigrants are called back 20.1% less from organizations with 500 employees or more and 39.4% and 37.1% fewer calls from medium-sized and small organizations and every 100 calls an applicant with an Anglo name receives, an Asian name gets 72 (Keung, 2017). Furthermore, this is an injustice because an Asian immigrant does not even get to enter the workplace since they can not land an interview, thus they will not get to experience the other levels of prejudice
The issue of discrimination is very widely discussed, so widely that laws and statutes have been enacted and are continually addressed every day. This may occur in a courtroom, on the legislative floor or at the employer’s offices, but the fact that the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) receives around 80,000 discriminatory filings annually, with 99,922 in 2010, there is little wonder the amount of attention to discrimination is warranted (Walsh, 2013). According to the EEOC’s website, the discrimination claims were more than the annual averages, but less than 99,000 in 2010, at 88,788 in 2014 (“EEOC Releases Fiscal”, 2015). These figures reiterate the importance and diligence in which discriminatory acts must be handled by all parties involved.
When recruiters are hiring someone for a job, they look at their resume to see what type of experience the potential employee has and what they can bring to the company. “According to the ethnic prominence model (Levin, Sinclair, Veniegas, & Taylor, 2002), ethnicity is a more in-fluential factor in decision making than other social category information. Ethnic minorities’ identification with their group might trigger actual discrimination because of the actual or symbolical threat as perceived by the ethnic majority and the more threatening nature of ethnicity compared with other minority characteristics.” (Eva Derous and Ann Marie Ryan; page 2) People who are of different ethnicities tend to be discriminated against even before they go in for the interview. Employers associate
Disparate treatment may range from obvious discrimination, to subtle differences in treatment. Documination may be needed to file a complaint with the employment division in her state, based on discrimination by disparate treatment. Keeping a paper trail of documented issues in regards to discrimination is very important because these cases can lead to legal actions.
According to the National Pro Bono Resource Centre, (2011) discrimination and rights are still violated against Aboriginal people. This report investigates the social justice issue surrounding discrimination and recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander in the Constitution.
An individual might be treated less favourably inadvertently or deliberately by failure to advertise the setting in the wider community such as doctor’s surgeries, community centres, religious buildings. This is to ensure everyone in the community is provided the opportunity to be included in the setting.
In “The Justification of Reverse Discrimination in Hiring,” Tom Beauchamp displays statistics of underrepresented races and genders in institutions. The inequality is due to the underlying persistent racism originating decades ago. It has been pervasively executed despite federal laws for equality. The expectation for a level-playing field is not a reality, as statistically show with underrepresented African Americans (1. Beauchamp, CC2011, p 0228). Beauchamp points out that at first sight, reverse discrimination appears immoral, because it crafts a prejudice for one race over another. However, he asserts that this inference is not applicable in the real world where ubiquitous prejudice still exists as indicated by statistics. Because we
Yes. The evidences comes from a study that collect information of residents of the United States. (Wikipedia)
Researchers have shown that employers discriminate against blacks in a number of ways as there is little oversight to the hiring process. Blacks are more likely to be stereotyped than whites, whether it be because of a “black sounding name” or the “lightness or darkness” of their skin. Years of discrimination have led society to believe that whites are smarter than blacks. The median income for whites has been considerably higher than that of blacks for decades. Additionally, blacks are often offered lower paying and less desirable jobs in addition to inadequate benefits such as investment and healthcare options. This cycle has remained consistent over time. The attitudes of bias and stereotyping affects the decision making of employers. Employers may even engage in discriminatory practices and not realize it through their hiring practices, testing requirements and organizational policies that may single out or have a greater effect on certain races. Additionally, researchers have found that on average, white job applicants get roughly 30 percent more callbacks for employment than black applicants.