Do Sudan and South Sudan have a Home?

According to the conflict theory of dependency, Sudan was taken advantage of, then eventually left on its own. One

The Sudan Liberation Movement and the Justice Equality Movement took arms against the Sudanese government, which was later named “The War in Darfur”. Which sparked the anger of the government and sent their military to begin murdering many villages, that were non Arabs. In many accounts reported about 2 million were killed over 2 decades.Scarce resources played a huge role in the mass killings of Sudanese (non arab).

Sudan has known conflict for most of its existence. The discovery of oil in 1979 served to heighten this conflict as north and south fought over valuable resources. In more recent years human rights violations and genocide have occurred in unsurpassed numbers with the Sudanese governments support. Sudanese President Umar al-Bashir is the first sitting head of state with an issued arrest warrant by the International Criminal Court for genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. In July 2011 southern Sudanese citizens voted to secede from Sudan and form the Republic of South Sudan in response to years of oppression by the Arab led Islamist government. South Sudan is now the worlds newest country and free to determine its own path

The Sudan is home to two civil wars taking place dating back hundreds of years. “The older of the two, pitting the Muslim revels from the south, has claimed 2m lives in the past two decades, and spurred 4m people to abandon their homes.”(Economist 11) Although the two sides in this old war are close to a peace resolution, a new insurgence has begun in the region pitting “Arabs” against the “black Africans”, in an effort to attract peace concessions from the Sudanese government just as the older rebels did years before. An uprising by rebel groups against government targets sparked this new war because they felt neglected by the Sudanese government. But the response of the government to the new revolt falls extremely short of peace concessions, and instead perpetuates an environment of violence, torture and depression. The government has given its own militia, the janjaweed, free reign to pillage, rape and kill black civilians in a futile attempt to squelch the revolt. This can be see as an “ethnic cleansing” in which the government feels that the killings of blacks will hopefully rid the country of the rebels given that the Darfur rebels are mostly black Africans. Thus, the Sudanese

Sudan has had internal problems for many years. The country negatively affected itself from within. No outer force caused the issues at hand. Sudan experiences their first civil war in 1956. The issue came from economic, political, and social domination of largely non-Muslim and non-Arab southern Sudanese. The war lasted for about sixteen years and finally concluded in 1972. Unfortunately the violence

These people did not have proper roads they didn't have any buildings, they did not have clean water, so be appreciative of what you have. This book was written because it strides towards freedom of war and keeping peace. Sudan has had two wars now, the first civil war in the years 1955 to 1972, and the second Sudanese Civil War went on in the years 1983 to 2005.

British colonialism ended in Sudan in 1956 and from that point on there would be significant conflict within the state, one of the main causes was because of differences in religious beliefs. The North, and most of the state were predominantly Muslim while the South was Christian and a mix of other religions. After a long civil war, which ended in 2005, Sudan was divided and the new state of South Sudan was created in 2011; it is the UN’s newest member. This was deemed a major accomplishment; not only were the South Sudanese celebrating but the Americans and the UN were as well since it was believed that this would finally bring peace.

backed by the government of Sudan National Islamic Front helped spread Islam had support from Arab militias government“ favored continued Islamization and used religious propaganda to recruit military personnel,” (Sudan: Race and Religion in Civil War) government formed a Popular Defense Force

The second civil war started in 1983 because of longstanding issues uplifted by then President Jaafar Nimeiri's choice to implement Sharia law. Arrangements between the government and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army, or SPLM/An of southern Sudan occurred in 1988 and 1989, however were deserted when General Omar al-Bashir took power in the 1989 through military coup. The Fighting over resources, southern self-determination, and the role of religion in the state raged between the Sudanese government and the SPLM/A for over two decades. The war left two and a half million people dead and four million people displaced. (Enoughproject.org)

The politics are way different over there than here. Executive authority is held by only one person, Omar al-Bashir, who is the president, the prime minister, head of state, head of government, and the commander in chief of the armed forces. Another thing that is different is their flag. It has three horizontal bands with red on top, white in the middle, and black on the bottom. On the left side of the flag, there is a green triangle that points to the right from the top of it. The red band means the struggle for freedom, the white means peace, light, and love, and black represents the people in Sudan. Their government type is a presidential republic. Their

This Law seriously violated the 1972 peace agreement, forcing the south to adopt Arab culture, language and the religion of Islam. The Nimeiry government was strengthening Sudan’s ties to Egypt and Saudi Arabia, as economic hardships drew it away from the Soviet Union and closer to western nations. During the 1980’s, strikes, riots and shortages of goods and services had devastated the nation. The discovery of natural resources, such as minerals and petroleum that were discovered in the south added to the problem. Although the discovery of natural reserves should have helped Sudan’s economic situation, it became another source of conflict between the north and the south over who would control it.

The Sudan genocide started on the 26 February 2003, When the Sudan liberation movement rebel groups took up arms against the government of Sudan, the Sudan government responded to the attacks by arming the Janjaweed militia’s and started an ethnic cleansing against non-Arabism Darfur leaving hundreds of thousands dead.

Genocides are things that are very scary and terrible to talk about but when they happen because it causes people to lose family and friends genocides make enemies of people who were friends and once loved each other but there are some people who did not look at it that way they were uneasy and worried to begin with. Sudan as a whole has already dealt with many of violent confrontations since its independence from Great Britain in 1956.

In the first civil war, from 1955 to 1972, southern insurgents, called the Anya Nya, fought against Government of Sudan for greater autonomy. By 1969, Anya Nya controlled most of southern Sudan. In 1971, the rebel group integrated into the Southern Sudan Liberation Movement, or SSLM, the precursor to today’s Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army, or SPLM/A. The war ended with the 1972 Addis Ababa Agreement between SSLM and GOS, which granted significant regional autonomy to southern Sudan on internal issues, and also promised the Abyei area, located on the north-south border, the right to hold a referendum to determine whether they would remain a part of northern Sudan or join the newly formed Southern Region. As a result, the country suffered serious neglect, lack of infrastructural development and displacement. Sudanese, both side, had cessation of eleven years until the second civil war started in

The origin of the war between these two regions goes back to the 1950s when the country, which was previously two separate nations, was made one after World War II by the west. Shortly after this union, Sudan was emancipated from England. 1983 marks the beginning of the violent relations between the North and South Sudan. The initiation of this conflict was brought forth by the Islamic Sudanese of the North, invading with military force the Southern Sudanese Christians . From 1983, it is estimated that at least two million people have been killed in the violent duration of this genocide, most of whom are of the Christian faith and lead non-violent civilian lives. Attention on human trafficking was brought into the international community’s scope with close proximity to the beginning of the violence as two professors from the University of Khartoum shed light on the subject. Ushari Ahmad Mahumud and Suleyman Ali Baldo learned about the genocide and enslavement being practiced on the Dinka people, a tribal group in the southern Sudan, and upon this discovery they dicided to investigate it further. What they found was that raiders from the north were killing the Southern Christian men and kidnapping the women and children to be sold into slavery. The most disturbing part of this discovery was the newfound knowledge that this had been going on for over two years. Professors Mahumud and Baldo