The Effects Of Socialization In The Lost Boys Of Africa

African American boys are doubly displaced among society. Ann Arnett Ferguson says, “they are not seen as childlike but adultified; as black males they are denied the masculine dispensation constituting white males as being “naturally naughty” and are discerned as willfully bad”(page 80). These African American boys are thought of being two things, either a criminal or an endangered species. They are not allowed to be naughty by nature according to society, but rather there naughtiness is a sign of vicious, inherent, insubordinate behavior. African americans are seen as endangered victims, which makes them criminals. Ferguson states, “It is their own maladaptive and inappropriate behavior that causes African americans to self-destruct”(page 82). There are two versions of childhood that are contradictory to each other. A real child would be seen as a “little plants” ready to grow up accordingly which is what white men were like to educators. On the other hand the African American boys were seen as children who are powerful, self centered, and have an agenda of their own. These black boys are seen as adults from such a young age, they don’t have time to be young and grow up because others make it seem like they are already fully grown. This drives them in the path to do bad things and make bad decisions.

Military regimes that favor Islamic-situated governments have controlled national politics since Sudan gained freedom from Anglo-Egyptian co-rule in 1956. Sudan was entangled in two post-independence civil war amid the greater part of the rest of the twentieth century. These wars were based on the northern Muslims, Arabs economic, political, and social control of the more largely populated non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first war ended with the 1972 Addis Ababa Agreement, which granted significant regional autonomy to southern Sudan on internal issues. (CIA 2015)

The first construct that stood out throughout the entire film would be the concept of the privilege/disadvantage dialectic. A successful and privileged hotel manager, Paul Rusesabagina uses his power and influence to help save thousands of Tutsi and Hutu refugees when he himself is a Hutu. Paul’s determination to do what is right for the greater good of the refugees dominates his traditional Hutu culture. He see’s beyond the differences of the two cultures, and see’s the Tutsi refugees as people and not

When I was going through the reading and exercise, I kept thinking about to the cycle of socialization. Justin and Clark realistically have zero control during the beginning, first socialization, in addition to institutional and culture socialization phases. The two boys have to do the best that they can with what they were dealt with. During the exercise I was able to make my assumptions that Clark would have more opportunities and less social challenges. I also learned from the other readings that if these two boys were white, they would have certain privileges grated to them regardless of their economic positioning. Deborah expressed that even though she had to grow up as a child on welfare, had parents with psychiatric illnesses and had

We all belong somewhere. We all feel a connection towards a place that we call “home”. Yet this statement doesn’t apply to all people because not everyone is lucky enough to have a strong identity that they are certain about and that is linked to their country and culture. Sudan and South Sudan display great examples of countries that were once united as one nation but had had to split because their citizens had different perspectives of themselves and of their national identities. In addition, boundary disagreements over the distribution of resources worsened the conflict and made it harder for the Sudanese people to come to an agreement. Boundary conflicts, therefore, reveal that the loss of a common cultural and national identity among citizens weakens a nation’s unity and can result in loss of place.

Parts of Sudan that choose to join the power-sharing arrangements which is supposed to bring the country together, but parties have use it to try to overthrow other government parties. Which will spark even more chaos in Sudan because one part of Sudan wishes to completely destroy Sudan rather than trying to rebuild it. This relates to the oil pipeline because parts of Sudan has began have violent outbreaks around the oil in the Western Upper Nile. These violent outbreaks has caused the National Congress Party to not want the peace and unity in Sudan because of the lack of trust in the nation. “Smaller skirmishes continued following the official cessation of hostilities, particularly in areas around the oil fields in the Western Upper Nile. A serious side effect of these armed confrontations was that the partners did not trust each other’s commitment and motivations for making peace.”

As interviewee, Prof. Edgar the fundamental causes of the Darfur crisis and why it initially occurred in Darfur could be traced to the ending period of the Cold War, where Africa was frequently the ground for committing severe human rights violations, many of which were initiated or directed by a country’s national government against its own very citizens. In the case of Sudan, the atrocities were initiated by the government. Later on, it was discovered that they were powerful motivations that induce the atrocities, and it was mainly to retain political power, distribute and secure resources. To achieve all these, they had to create an environment of repression among the citizens. When this is the case, changing an offensive regime’s behavior

The Sudanese Civil War is a conflict in Sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces of the north and the south.Although this was the start of what is referred to as the civil war, Sudan has been divided by war for centuries, the North African Arabs prayed on the African Christian south, in the 80’s the Sudan’s vast oil resources were discovered. The Sudanese civil wars are generally referred to in three different events; the First Sudanese Civil War (1955-1972), the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005), and the South Sudanese Civil War (2013-present).

South Sudan has a long history of violence, chances for economic success, and geographic position that would suggest success in development, but the very issues that should increase the development cause issues in South Sudan. South Sudan became an independent country from Sudan on July 9, 2011 and has a population between 7.5-10 million people about 50.6% of which live under the poverty line (“South Sudan” The World Factbook and “South Sudan country profile”). The journey to independence has been long; however, in 1956 the entirety of Sudan gained independence from the British and Egyptian colonial rule, which is when the conflict between the southern portion of the country began (“South Sudan country profile”). The south thought that the government was backing out of a promise of a federal government and attempting to convert the whole country to islamic beliefs (“South Sudan profile- overview”). Civil war began in 1955 for the same reason and

Kingdoms and extraordinary forces based along the Nile River have battled against the general population of inland Sudan for quite a long time. Since in any event the seventeenth century, focal governments have endeavored to manage and abuse the undeveloped southern and inland Sudan.

In both Sudan and South Sudan had a lot of conflict over a number of things like over oil because even though South Sudan is rich with oil, both the countries are fighting about it, because of the differences in religion groups and ethnic groups which are people who support a certain group millions have died and been forced to move from their homes. And this all started when people from both sides had different thoughts and that led to a civil war which then led to the two countries splitting. Some tribes even had conflict over land . Some of the main people in these events were the government of Sudan and South Sudan, South Sudanese, and the president and his deputy. Some of these events and other events happened at different times. For

Sudan’s conflicts are rooted in the creation of the state. During Sudan’s Anglo-Egyptian colonial rule, the Arabic Muslim sorth and Christian and animist south were ruled as two distinct entities. The north was modernised but the south neglected, creating parallel entities which overlooked the diversity and historical interrelations between the areas.

After being independent, Republic of South Sudan came into existence amid great challenges and marked a major milestone and fresh opportunity for South Sudanese. Nevertheless, massive state-corroding corruption, political instability within the ruling party, the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) and determined tensions with Sudan over the sharing of oil revenues, internal displacement caused by tribal conflict and fighting between government and militias and food security made South Sudan vulnerably returning back the conflict. Moreover, the areas along the border between South Sudan and Sudan were affected by conflict since the former declared independence in 2011, which are Abyei, the Blue Nile region and South Kordofan.

Since its independence of 1956 to date, Sudan has witnessed 2 attempted revolutions to overthrow the regime. For years, the Sudanese population yearned for

Less than a year after Sudan divided into new Republic of South Sudan and the new Republic of North Sudan the both countries get involved in conflict. The years of efforts by the international community to put an end to this prolong conflict by assisting, negotiating and signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement CPA in 2005 and the other effort to guarantee the downy division of the South and North come in to view to become naught. According to CPA referendum in January 2011, in the South caused in overwhelming vote in support of the partition. During the 6 months, South and North were supposed to discuss pivotal issue to ensure that by the time the in July when the government of South came into existence, will mandate to peaceful and orderly separation. Nevertheless, scenario for peaceful separation was shattered even before the Republic of Southern Sudan came to existence in July. While, the North come out to agree the consequence of the referendum and quit itself to less moderate conditions as a country that gives up its one third of its territory and most importantly three-quarters of the oil resources, which was not the case in reality. The Republic of the South was internally divided, incompetence, insecure to involve in a thriving negotiation of issues. Hence, the division took place whilst a main problem were vestige unresolved, and conflict erupt meanwhile the South gain its independence.