Early Social Adversity

Infant learning and brain development is fragile and contingent upon numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The most critical time frame for infant brain development is from the second trimester to the first three months of life (Marshall, 2011). During this time, neural pathways are forming, areas of the brain are maturing, and brain development is rapid. From infancy until the age of 3 years, neural pathways are still being formed in response to stimulation and for this reason, it is extremely important for caregivers and parents to be aware of the many factors that can influence brain development in infants (Marshall, 2011).

An explanation of the impact of current research into development and learning of babies and young children.

Babies enjoy rhythm time and peek a boo games of hiding and repetition. The use of blurring and babbling will occur. The bonds with parents are

Between 6-9 months the baby’s brain will start to develop faster and faster at any other time during their life. Their memory will become quite strong they will repeat things over and over again. They will also learn what they are hearing which could be songs or rhymes or whilst they are being spoken to by parents siblings or strangers.

Babies prefer the sound of humans interacting to other sounds and from this, they quickly learn to recognise and identify their mother’s voice. Babies form their first relationship through emotional attachments with their mother or main carer. The first year of a baby’s life is a period of incredible growth, and a baby’s brain goes through critical periods during which stimulation is needed for proper development. During the babies first years, visual stimuli or verbal language is necessary for areas of the brain to grow and without this growth, a child’s vision or speaking abilities might be impaired. Infants tend to have different cries for hunger or pain, as well as making other noises. These abilities show your child is gaining communication and pre-language skills. Infants from birth to 6 months will forget about objects they cannot see however they begin to explore objects they can see and grab by putting them in their mouths. They will also follow moving objects with their eyes and look around at nearby objects. Infants in this stage will turn to look at a source of sound. These developmental milestones show a baby’s brain is developing and they are gaining new skills. From 7 to 12 months, infants also learn the idea of cause and effect, and they might repeat an action that causes a

* First, studies have shown that aspects of experience can sculpt features of brain structure.

The cognitive development is where the child figures out how everything is organized. The children are learning how to learn and involves activities that include thought process, problem solving, decision making, and memory. When the child is about two and four months old they should begin to follow things with their eyes, pay attention to face expression, respond to affection, recognize familiar people from a distance, reach for things and let the parent or care giver if they are happy, sad, by crying or showing fuzziness. As a parent it is important to pay attention to the way the baby cries. This way the parent can figure out what the baby needs or what they like or dislike. Playing peek a boo is also a fun way to teach the baby that something still

Research has shown that the way the caregiver and infant interact has a significant effect on the maturation of the infant's nervous system,

The babies communicate using pictures and emotional feelings to the others but is hard for them to communicate in this manner so they try to use their linguistic abilities.

In chapter eight of Siegel’s book, we are introduced to the curious neuroplasticity mechanisms. Neuroplasticity is defined as “the ability of the brain to change its structure in response to experience” (Siegel, 2012, p. 8-1). What a beautiful and profound ability! Our brains are not rigid structures that come pre-assembled and ready for use. Our

Where I live, socioeconomic adversity is not an issue. Sure, there are some students who wear designer clothes every day and others who get all their clothes from Goodwill, but it does not affect the way we treat each other.

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Advancement made in regard to cognitive neuroscience has enabled a better understanding of the cognitive processes in infants. Studies have indicated that cognitive development in infants starts before they are born. In the eighth week of pregnancy, fetuses have the ability to hear. They become accustomed to their

The brain is such a complete organ in the body. The fact that as newborn we have about seventy percent of our neurons in the cortex in amazing. With all the feeling and sensory going on in the cortex it begins to make sense why young children show so many different emotions in such short periods of time as well as sensory “overload” or being overstimulated.

During the first two years the brain is the most flexible and prepared to learn. At this time everything is new. Everything an infant does build brain connections. According to EDUCARER.org "Touch, talking and things an infant sees and smells all build connections if done with continuity in a loving, consistent, and