5. Economic Perspective
In a previous section the researcher mentioned that as a countries’ economic performance, wealth and prosperity, improves, households will have more income to spend, which leads to more consumption and, consequently, more waste production. The Bloomberg Economist Michael McDonough studied the correlation of GDP and trash and he discovered a similar positive relationship between a countries’ GDP and its total waste production (See Figure 16) (McDonough). The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total monetary value of all, domestically, produced final goods and services during an annual basis (Investopedia). He explains that everything that people throwing away, not only consumer products but also buildings being
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McDonough discovered waste has an 82% correlation to US economic growth by examining the Association of American Railroads (AAR) carloads of trash with the U.S. GDP. The U.S has experienced a GDP decline of approximately 20% between 1994 and 2012 and a decline of waste production of approximately 30% (See Figure 16) (McDonough). From Figure 16 one can see that something is wrong in the economy, potentially, in the underlying economy. And that recent downturns in the waste production is concerning regarding the near term direction of the overall US economy.
Figure 16: AAR Waste Carloads compared to U.S. GDP
Therefore, this correlation makes it clear that countries need to have the right tools to deal with the increasing amount of waste in order to minimize both the economic costs, and the environmental negative effects that come with waste. One can argue that recycling is one of the best tools to fight the increase in waste production. Recycling would not only lower the total amount of waste that needs to be disposed of in the end of the waste stream, which would reduce both the cost and the environmental damage, but recycling would also lower the need to use virgin raw materials, which reduces the strain on natural resources.
Some might say that the problem is that while growth in GDP has a clear relationship with waste production, there is not a clear
Recycling is a very essential and crucial process in our world today. The term recycling means that waste can be converted into new products instead of being discarded. As the population continues to grow, humans are using more and more products. In order to reduce the amount of waste on planet Earth, and to preserve its resources, recycling is significant. Not only does recycling allow the environment to thrive, but it also allows living people to thrive as well. There are many materials that can be recycled. Plastics, electronics, aluminum, food and glass are only but a few products that can be recycled. Recycling can benefit our environment in numerous amount of ways. However, without recycling, negative impacts on our environment can occur. Some of these effects include pollution whether it is air, land or sea, depletion of natural resources and even an increase threat to global warming. Therefore, recycling is extremely important to sustain our environment.
America’s biggest export trash items are scrap paper and metal which the Chinese buy, make products out of, then sell them back to America resulting in an enormous profit, and creating a cycle because we throw it out again. America, the country that once made things for the world, is now China’s trash compactor. Furthermore, due to China’s skyrocketing economic growth, the Chinese are facing a major challenge in terms of waste. China, the world’s second-largest economy, is also the number-one waste producer. Almost more than 430,000 tons of waste is generated every day in China. China produces around 300 million tons of waste a year; most of it comes from cities. Currently, Chinese urban waste management services generally collect unsorted municipal solid waste to be disposed of in landfills or waste incinerators around of the city or further out into the countryside. China is open to the idea of waste recovery and of trying to reduce the impact of their waste on the
In 1983/84, the average amount of household rubbish per person per year in England was 397 kilograms (Defra, 2007), in the following years, this increased and by 2006/07, this figure had grown by 28 percent to 508 kilograms. This trend has been explained by the growing affluence of the general person and their greater amount of disposable income, which is then being spent on luxury products. As a result, more and more waste is being generated each year; this essay will explore the arguments around whether this ever increasing amount of rubbish has any value.
A recent study by Nature Climate Change shows this ongoing problem is caused by “224 million more pounds being thrown out than previously thought,” suggesting too much recyclable items are being thrown out: “For every 100 pounds of trash we throw away, 35 pounds is paper” and although about 80% of goods and materials can be recycled, only 32% are actually being reused (Powell, EPA, McKinney). As reported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “In 2013, Americans generated about 254 million tons of trash, and recycled and composted [only] 87 million tons of this material” (EPA). This again shows that a good amount of materials that can be recycled are more often being thrown into the trash. The EPA estimates that “we recycled and composted 1.51 pounds of our individual waste generation of 4.40 pounds per person per day ” in 2012 (EPA). That’s less than 30% of individually generated trash being
The Environmental Protection Agency released the ‘Advancing Sustaining Materials Management: 2014 Fact Sheet’ in November of 2016 and Americans produce 4.4 pounds of trash every single day.
The people of America throw away more trash than any other society in the world! America consumes 80 percent of our planet's resources, even though we make up only 20 percent of the world's population (Cooper 267). The average person throws away 4.3 pounds of trash each day. That's about 30 pounds per week and 120 pounds per month! (“Reduce and Reuse” 1). Americans throw away too much - that's the bottom line (Cooper 265). There is a garbage crisis in America and “the only part of the anti-waste message that has taken hold to any noticeable degree is the call to recycle” (Cooper 267). Our country's issues on trash and recycling go hand in hand. America produces too much trash, and the environment is suffering. There is some effort
Garbage is the number one export produced by the United States of America. This is the “dirty love affair” reflected upon in the book Garbology by Edward Humes. The average American annually generates the waste of 35 billion plastic bottles, 4.5 million tons of office paper, and 40 billion plastic utensils (Humes, 2012, p. 16). All of these examples can be recycled, but mostly are not. This leads to every American, “standing atop more than 35 tons of waste a year” leaving a “lifetime legacy of 2,700 tons” of trash (Humes, 2012, p. 10). Garbage is produced when individuals consume an item then discard the remains that are no longer useful or desired. It takes energy to recycle and reuse items. It is easier and uses less resources to just toss
This is really worrying, because GDP misses a lot of factors that affect in the standard of living of people. For example, GDP only focuses in what is being produced, but does not worries how this product are being produced and why they are produced that way, so many companies to lower the cost of production, use unsafe methods that end up producing harm to the earth. An example of these are the companies that use coal to make electricity. The amount of pollution they expel into the nature is really high. According to Carrington (2015), ¨The International Energy Agency calculates that one in four of these sub-critical plants must close within five years, if the world’s governments are to keep their pledge to limit global warming to 2C¨. This problem not only affects the environment, but also has an effect on people’s lives. The quality of life of the society as a whole is lowered because of the pollution, people may suffer from cancer or respiratory diseases. And if the production of electricity gets higher then GDP also rises, but the quality of life is getting lower. It also does not consider non-market transactions, an example being when you hire someone to tutor your child in math, GDP takes into account this transaction and therefore GDP rises, but what if you do on your own? Many people complain about this, because in this case GDP does not take into account what is being measured. Also volunteering work is not included in the GDP. But it does not end there, any transaction made in the black market, because is not reported, it’s left out. As mentioned before, GDP do not take in to consideration the distribution of income in society, as a consequence of this GDP cannot distinguish if the GDP is rising for good reasons like more investment or more income, or for bad reasons. Therefore the inequality in society is not projected in the
The average person in the United States produces the most garbage waste which is 4.6 pounds per person. The problem with garbage waste is that it's still at a high point of 44 % produced by the rich countries, and are filling every landfill to the brim. I am all for the garbage problem and it needs to change for all the future generations to come.
On average, Americans generate about 4 pounds of trash per person per day. (3) As Americans, we produce twice the amount of garbage than other countries and three times as much as we did in the past. Over half of the amount of trash we produce gets sent to landfills. The people who create the most trash are those that live in cities and wealthy individuals. When you live in a city, you consume more packaged goods and when you become more wealthy, you consume more products overall. (2) Unless we reduce the amount of trash we produce or find other ways to get
So what exactly explains this “trash bag enigma”? Why hasn’t a more environmental friendly – alternative became popular, when there seems to be a clear demand for such a product? Truthfully, these questions aren’t the easiest to answer; they require a deeper analysis on the waste industry as a whole and how this market operates. In this paper, I will outline and explain this enigma
The factories that make the garbage that we purchase give off a ton of pollution. A lot of those factories work with plastic which is terrible for the environment. The air pollution levels rose fourteen percent from 1990 to 2008. The gas let out into the air and the products made just create more problems for the world. The factories waste energy and natural resources and eventually we won’t have anything to make other products that would be more useful. So much money goes into making useless garbage and that money could be used to make more useful and important things like new roads and new businesses.
The main purpose of this report is to highlight the issues of waste in the UK by giving three relative and reliable figures. As environmental problems are becoming more serious, how to reduce and dispose of waste has increasingly concerned the government. This research, based on the Direct Material Input and Domestic Material Consumption in the UK from 2000 to 2013, the comparison of waste arising in different sectors in the UK from 2004 to 2012 and local authority collected waste management in England from 2000/01 to 2014/15, shows that some government strategies are working but more needs to be done.
Figure 1 shows weight (in million tons) of municipal waste between 1960 and 2011; also, it illustrates percentage per capita generation (in pounds per person per day). According to the graph, it can be seen that the amount of MSW production has been increasing periodically; only in the last few years there can be seen a slight decrease. Nevertheless, in
American citizens throw away millions of tons of garbage each year, and this trash has to go somewhere. While there are projects underway to clean and reuse this refuse most of it gets dumped into huge landfills. These landfills are disgusting festering blisters on our country's landscape. But people continue to consume and throw away more and more in the name of convenience. As they see it, when things get old, throw it away and get a new one. They blame the government for the trash problem, but the truth blame should be placed on themselves.