A Sociological Perspective

The definition of ‘state’ is ambiguous. The meaning can change depending on the context. For instance, it could relate to agencies within the state such as government bodies, or the practices carried out by individuals. Furthermore, the state is part of everyday life and manifests itself through the combination of institutions, practices, people and discourses. This creates social order (Blakeley and Saward, 2009, p. 360).

One of the issues that economists fail to discuss, then, is the fact that market-oriented economics is merely an artifact of our own social structure and that the grounding concepts of economics are quite different. Indeed, the grounding concepts of economics deal with the fact that people need to produce food, shelter, and clothing for their survival and that "economics" is born within the formation of any arrangement to solve the survival problem. The essential factors are production and distribution by and within the community. Economics, in other words, is part of the culture of any surviving community.

Politics will try and dominate some places where there is a vast majority of supporters both to the government and to the opposition. Spade has highlighted the need to avoid these resistances that is likely to create hatred among different communities thereby resulting into exploitations of different communities. It is, therefore, important to analyze the norms so as to help eliminate the resist against some individual who may be proposing or opposing the developments. The book has generated individualistic rights that can be achieved as a result of the norms. “dispersion of power among people will help realize the generation of a mutual relationship between different people from different communities.” Spade has used the description given by Mitchell Dean to show different kinds of analysis that are experienced through the use of bureaucracy. The identification of different regimes within the government set up will, therefore, create a platform for generating multiplicity through heterogeneous and unlimited

AIPA 2: UNDERSTANDING ACTORS, INTERESTS & POWER Institutions  Basic level – states exist to provide (1) defence and (2) social order  this requires the presence of a functioning economy.  State not only produces, consumes and redistributes; it’s also the main source and enforcer of “rules of games”.  “Rules of games” are institutions  institutional quality is related to economic performance.  Evidence: No country has gotten rich with bad institutions. Politics  Politics is the process of creating new institutions. Existing institutions create a constraint on this process.  Political processes can be analysed in terms of Actors involved in the processes, their interests and their relative power (AIP).  Actors: Political,

Market society has faded the lines of the borders by putting a price on things such as reproduction, right to pollute, and elections. Right now, the use of markets are tacit because of the high inventory on everything. As a result of this, life for those with less money has become difficult while those with money don’t see the fault in the gap of income as money is able to purchase everything.

After reading the Three Main Sociological Perspectives, I developed a brief understanding about sociology. Out of all three perspectives, I have witnessed numerous examples that represent functional perspective. There are two parts that make up the functional perspective. The two parts are manifest function and latent function. One event that I witnessed that demonstrated a latent function was when Carmen Farina opened schools after a severe snow storm. In the winter of 2014, Carmen Farina made the decision that required all New York City schools to open. On the previous night, New York City endured a snow storm accumulating multiple feet. Her reason to open schools was due to the unintentional or latent function it provides to many individuals.

Three most common sociological perspectives that allow for sociologists to understand social matters and behaviors are: Structural Functionalism, Conflict Theory, and Symbolic Interactionism. The Structural Functionalism theory summed up demonstrates how individuals in a society work together to create a system that helps benefit one another. This viewpoint contains a macro-level perspective because it aims to view how large-scale societies function with many groups of people. Society is viewed as "...a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of the individuals in that society" ("Introduction to Sociology 2e", 2015).

Sociological perspectives are ways in which individuals can view the social life through their own lens. The three utmost theories involve symbolic interactionism, structural functionalism, and conflict theory. The fundamental idea of symbolic interactionism “is that symbols are the key to understanding how we view the world and communicate with one another” (James, 2010, p.15). Symbols are ways that individuals define themselves, through symbols, individuals’ construct a social life. Furthermore, individuals are able to grasp the concept of life and help them strive to comprehending relationships. They also assist people be able to distinguish/identify the meaning and significance of relations amid people and contain their own identity. The

The culture of capitalism emerged from 1450-1930, is defined as, “culture of capitalism as sets of relations between capitalists, laborers, and consumers, each depending on the other, yet each placing demands on, and often conflicting with, the others” (Robbins). The culture of capitalism is based on the production and sale of commodities. This society and culture function with dedication to the idea that trade and consumption are the ultimate source to obtain a fulfilled life. Societies were transforming and the creation of the consumer, the role of the laborer, the rise of the capital controller and the creation of the nation state brought forth the the new global economic system and culture. The culture of capitalism spread like wildfire, affecting many different components of society. The effect it has on the different components of society can be seen in the greater social and economic inequalities, exploitation of the periphery, environmental destruction, and the spread of disease. These components breed rebellion and protest are still edemic. The culture of capitalism has created problems and for the majority of the problems turns a blind eye, despite the rebellions and protests. The current road we are on can not last. The inequalities are continuing to grow, we have mass environmental destruction, over-consumption, and the spread of disease all need to be addressed and

State capital a political system in which the state has control of production and the use of capital. The term "state capitalism" is also used by some in reference to a private capitalist economy controlled by a state, often meaning a privately-owned economy that is subject to statist economic planning. ... This practice is often claimed to be in contrast with the ideals of both socialism and laissez-faire capitalism. The division of labor gives rise to different classes, which leads to differing interests and gives rise to different: political, ethical, philosophical, religious, and ideological views. These differing views express existing class relations and tend either to consolidate or undermine the power and authority of the dominant class.

Complexities of the capitalistic state reinforce the higher economic class, while crises between classes in society will reset the socially constructed inequalities. Social inequalities become perpetrated by the state, by upholding the higher class. The way to equalize the classes is for overthrow the state and expose the contradictions of capitalism.

Globalization involves a variety of links expanding and tightening a web of political, economic and cultural inter-connections. Most attention has been devoted to merchandise trade as it has had the most immediate (or most visible) consequences, but capital, in and of itself, has come to play an arguably even larger role than the trade in material goods. Human movements also link previously separate communities. Finally, there is the cultural connection. All the individual data would indicate that we are undergoing a process of compression of international time and space and an intensification of international relations. The separation of production and consumption that is the heart of modern capitalism appears to have

This essay will debate that the basics of the modern capitalist society have allowed society to flourish due to its growth in the economy, the overview of globalization and development of the welfare state. Scholars John K. Campbell and E.P Thompson, provide a explanation of a traditional society as well as modern society. Also, this essay will seek to compare and contrast the two distinctive societies while highlighting their main principles.

Social economy is stated as the economic growth that doesn't only consist of the private or public involvement, but both the parties and every individual of the community involves in the social well-being and betterment of society. According to the definitions, social economy could not only be defined by a single explanation because the scope of the study is wide. Social economy is a point that focuses on the wide range of activities that are carried out by the diverse group of networks in order to achieve harmony in the society (Uluorta, 2009). The social economy is based on the charitable sectors, non-profit organizations, credit unions, self-help projects, local business, community enterprises and voluntary sectors. In fact, social economy is based on all those

The modern word state has been derived from the word “status” earlier employed by Teutons. It was Niccolo Machiavelli who first used the term “state” in political science. From the beginning of social life, mankind has lived under some kind of authority. The authority has varied in its nature and has exercised its function through different forms of organisation. Beneath these differences in the concrete manifestation of political lifemay be observed a practical identity of purpose, and by disregarding non-essential elements and modification that arise