Effect Of Put Call Parity Essay

Valuation is the estimation of an asset’s value, whether real or financial, based on variables perceived to be related to future investment returns, on comparison with similar assets, or, when relevant, on estimates of immediate liquidation proceeds (Pinto, Henry, Robinson, Stowe; 2010). Correct valuation of real assets can present challenges to financial analysts. Different models can be used to arrive at the closest estimate of value and yet certain issues will always arise. This case attempts to tackle two approaches in real asset valuation: Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis and the issues surrounding such, as well as the Black-Scholes Model for Real Options. Questions to be addressed in the study are:

1. What does a financial analysis of Rawlinson’s options reveal? Assume that Rawlinson has a $500,000 budget and Porsche dealers and Porsche Canada earn a margin of 15% each on its winter equipment.

The main reason why Laura Martin argues that real options is the correct method for valuing

These changes in prices imply the power of growth rate’s assumption over stock price because “It was growth that drew attention to the brand. It was growth that propelled the stock offering. It was growth that drove the stock price to ever greater heights.” When the growth rate is expected to increase significantly, value of the firm is increased tremendously and so is its stock price. Both the enterprise value of the firm and its stock price change in the same direction with the change in growth rate estimates.

15.2) "Once we know how to value options on a stock paying a dividend yield, we know how to value options on stock indices and currencies."

I agree with this claim because I believe that the presence of a “uglier” option can affect the decision a person makes. In his TedTalk, Ariely uses the example of being given a trip to Paris, a trip to Rome without coffee, and a trip to Rome with coffee. The option appears inferior, but in reality it is influencing the peron’s choice. Ariely states that “The moment you add Rome without coffee, Rome with coffee becomes more popular, and more people choose it. The fact that you have Rpme without Coffee makes Rome with coffee more superior”(12:01). The addition of the slightly more undesirable option makes the other option seem more desirable, and it will shift the person’s preference to that option. In Hamlet, by Shakespeare, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are persuaded to decide on about spying on Hamlet by the choices offered by King Claudius. When they show up at the castle the King and Queen act worried and depict Hamlet as mad. The Queen states that “And I beseech you instantly to my much changed son,”(Act 2 Scene 2 Line 37). Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are given the option to go help their friend Hamlet who has been declared mad, or to disobey the King and Queen and tell Hamlet that they were sent to spy on him.

For Writing 39B, we were assigned a project that allowed us to present our knowledge of the genre conventions that are used in the genre of Noir. We read the novel Double Indemnity throughout the course, and we also watched its film adaptation. For this project, I decided to write a script that portrayed a man’s struggle of trying to make a name for himself in the entertainment industry in Las Vegas. Through his struggle, the message that I presented in my script is that the difficulty of accomplishing one’s dream often drive people to commit unlawful acts.

The purpose of this case is to have students examine dividend policy--cash dividends, stock splits, and stock dividends--from the viewpoint of its effect on corporate share prices.

The Black Scholes Merton (BSM) model is the best-known model for valuing options as it is the original of many option pricing models today (Haug and Taleb, 2009; Le, 2015). Developed in 1973 by Fisher Black, Myron Scholes and Robert Merton, the BSM model is still widely used today as the benchmark for many models and techniques that financial analysts use to analyse and determine the fair prices of given options (Jumarie, 2010). It is widely used due to its simplicity however there are many criticisms regarding the assumptions made by the model (Bharath and Sumway, 2008; Haug and Taleb, 2009; Le, 2015)

two-year European put option with a strike price of $8 or, alternatively, through put-call parity, as

Over the past year both Tesla and BMW have taken severe losses to their share prices. overall Tesla has reported a lower loss percentage in its share price, -25% compared to BMW’s reported loss of -33%. However since October 2015 BMW has reported an over loss percentage than Tesla. The six month report of the two groups shows that BMW has traded at a higher price and therefore reports a lower loss percentage of -21% compared to Tesla’s -29%. Even more recently BMW’s share prices have increased by 1% whereas Tesla’s share prices have dropped by -11%. By reporting this gain it shows that BMW stock is in greater demand meaning that investors have

This also subsequently led to a higher market value of equity, hence reducing the PD.

where t= the date when the option price is observed, T= the expiration date of the option, X= the strike price of the option, F_T= the price of the underlying asset at time T, and r= the risk-free interest rate. Due to the ease at which the FOMC can intervene in the financial markets to maintain a steady average federal funds rate throughout any month, the fact that the FOMC has historically almost always moved rates at a 25 basis point interval, and that such policy changes are almost exclusively conducted during specific meeting dates, they treat the value the federal funds futures contract as a discrete random variable. Given N possible dates at which policy makers can alter rates, the prices on call and put options can be re-written as follows:

The growth in stock options has led to dilution of shareholder value, increased cash allocation for stock repurchases, and raised the dilemma of re-pricing.

In 1973, Myron Scholes and Fisher Black developed the framework on option pricing and presented the theory in their seminal paper. With reference to both approach and application the Black Scholes Model is considered to be one of the most significant concepts in modern financial theory. For valuing options the Black Sholes Model is viewed as a standard model.