Effects of Religious Rival in The Shopkeepers Millennium by Paul E. Johnson

Wages were very low for the amount of work people were expected to do. People would only make anywhere from $1.25-$1.50 for the entire 10-12 hour workday. Not only were these wages extremely low, but employees often lived in expensive company housing which left barely any money for the other necessities of life. Nobody was satisfied with the wages during this time period but another struggle was the long hours. People worked 60-80 hour work weeks in the hot overcrowded factories, only doing one monotonous job. Lastly, the boss was very distant from the work crowd and there was little to no contact between the two groups. Also, the workers were very controlled by the foreman. The doors were locked on all floors to prevent theft during the day and bathroom breaks would be monitored by a floor manager. Overall, during the late 1800’s everyone was overworked and underpaid and this led to many troubles as years went on.

In the book Shopkeeper’s millennium by Paul E. Johnson, it’s a new explanation of the relationships between the economy ,religion and politics during the Second Great awakening. Revivals mostly seemed as a spiritual disorder. This all happened among the working class. Johnson talks about the political practices in the beginning between the elites and the reform movements until the revival evened up in the Rochester community. Charles Finney studied the law practice first but them in 1821 he got in a religious conversation. After that he dropped his law practice and went to become an evangelist , he then was licensed by the Presbyterians.

In the book, “ Shopkeeper's millennium” by Paul E. Johnson, he argues that the American revivalism in the nineteenth century was a product of class conflict, not individual social insecurity. In his book, Johnson marks the social beginnings of revival religion by analyzing Rochester, New York the development of classes as community moves towards industrialization, and examines the role of religion in this transformation. Johnson compares the working and middle class cultures of the city through the analysis of social, economic, and religious changes. The working class were refusing to obey their masters, but the Second Great Awakening calmed them down and they accepted the middle-class viewpoints. Johnson feels that revivals had little

Just as groups had formed against the consumption of alcohol, isolated religious groups began to form against everyone but themselves. Called “Utopian Communities”, religious groups were created that challenged society and it’s religions, which is very similar to the Evangelical movement. There were hundreds of these communities, with one of the most popular being the “Shakers”.9 The Shakers believed in the complete equality of male and females, but at the price of being completely celibate. The only way there could be new members was if there were converts or children who would come into a Shaker village. Most of these utopian communities shared an idea of millennialism, which talks about Jesus returning and a new era of the world beginning. The social impact of this is blatantly clear; many more religious groups were being created, rather than a few sects of religion.

Using the Documents, compare and contrast the differences of Christian and Islamic attitudes towards merchants until about 1500.

wealth and merchants. “It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for

This might be consider creed or against the law now days but at the time there was no law that protect the employees. This helped keep prices low on steel and help builders buy steel for cheap which cause a boom on huge projects like building huge bridges and building like never seen before. With the big boom on building also cause people to move to cities and kept them there because they had steading work. This gave a rise to modern cities all across the United Stated and creating professionals jobs has we see today. “America's emergence as the world's greatest industrial power at the end of the nineteenth century was based on the mass production of steel. In the process of contributing to the transformation of the country's economy, the steel industry itself was transformed. The technological and organizational changes in the American steel industry during the nineteenth century were both causes and effects of an increasingly diverse, rapidly urbanizing industrial society (Carnegie, Andrew)."

    Religion played a major role for all Americans during the Antebellum years. In Document 1, President Andrew Jackson states that “men can be elevated; man can become more and more endowed with divinity; and as he does he becomes more God-like in his character and capable of governing himself” (Document 1). Jackson states that a common man can

This onslaught of capitalism directly revolutionized modern industrialism as well as the industrial city. Machines morphed the predominately agricultural nation to a herd of factory and corporate workers. Swarms of people, both native and immigrant, flocked to major cities. “The present century has been marked by a prodigious increase in wealth-producing power. The utilization of steam and electricity, the introduction of improved processes and labor saving machinery, the greater subdivision and grander scale of production, the wonderful facilitation of exchanges, have multiplied enormously the effectiveness of labor.”(George, p.20) The major problem with this newfound industrialism was the way in which the workforce was treated. Capitalism was supposed to provide a way out, a way ascend the financial and social staircase, if you worked hard enough. This however was not the case, if you were a loyal, hardworking employee you simply got to keep your job, and if you were in any way injured or incompetent you were fired.

The rise of organized labor positively impacted society in the workplace. During industrialization, the demand for unskilled workers brought new groups to the workplace. These groups included immigrants, woman and children. The workforce tripled during this period. In factories, the laborers worked for low wages, for long hours and often in unsafe conditions. They united together to form labor unions and demanded

Many people believe that that the motivation of the Christian church is to radically “change the world”. However, through his book To Change The World, James Davison Hunter explains how this common believe is a misconception. Rather, he shows readers that, from a sociological perspective, while Christians thrive in many areas of life by reaching others individually, they fundamentally components of creating cultural change.

rules of life set up for them. The workers left when they made enough to

In Europe, the long nineteenth century, (1789-1914) was a tumultuous era of political, economic, and social revolution which created an increasingly secular culture. Europeans of all races and classes looked outside the church to solve societal and familial issues. Gifted intellectuals proposed new philosophies on human thought and behavior, while innovative communication allowed ideas to travel quicker and easier than ever before. By the early 1800’s, Europeans began to question the role and necessity of the church and religion in their lives. Revolutionaries developed political and social

As industry was booming, the mass immigration into the cities proved to be hurtful for some parishes that did not have the space to hold many parishioners. Money from the upper class, however, erected new churches and places of worship, large enough and accommodating for most, but now discriminatory against the lower class. Religious leaders thought that lucrative churches would solve the economic problems of the time, but all it really did is widen the gap between social classes even more.[4] Religion was no longer about faith, but rather it became a business, aiding to the rich, taking from the poor. Karl Marx saw a need for equality without religious interference, and he expressed it in the Communist Manifesto, stating, “Society could no longer live under this bourgeois.”[5]

suggest that there is an obvious solution that is fair. When it comes to fairness, I think it is fair