Efficacy Of Immunoassay Test

A high incidence of false positive results in drug testing is another reason for the argument that drug testing should not be used. In researching this paper I was surprised to learn how many over the counter drugs can produce false positive results. According to an article on The National Center for Biotechnology Information website entitled “Commonly prescribed medications and potential false positive urine drug screens” published Aug 15th 2010, “A number of routinely prescribed medications have been associated with triggering false-positive UDS results. Verification of the test results with a different screening test or additional analytical tests should be performed to avoid adverse consequences for the patients.” Some of the more common drugs that could produce false positive results were

The performance of random drug testing has seen its fair share of scrutiny in terms of cost, test result reliability, and constitutionality. Drug testing has been fraught with controversy for decades by both employers and employees alike and there are three valid reasons as to why the testing is not ideal. One of the main elements that is a cause for concern is an employee’s invasion of privacy. When an employee tests positive, there is a strong possibility and fear that they will be permanently stigmatized. Any explanation given to the employer, whether it’s voluntary or forced on contingency of employment, violates their HIPAA Rights. Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, has referred to the practice as a "needless indignity" (DeCew, 1994).

Drug testing in the United States began with the explosive use of illegal drugs, in order to curb drug abuse. This began during the Vietnam War with drug use at a climax. In general, Drug testing is a way to detect illegal drug use and deter it, usually by Urinalysis. Drug testing in the United States violates a citizen's right to unreasonable search and seizure's along with jeopardizing one's freedom. Furthermore, Drug testing is not only an unreliable invasion of a person's privacy but it assumes that one is guilty before submitting to the test.

There have been several states that have attempted to start some sort of drug testing program. This overview of programs was provided by “Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly”. Michigan and Texas enacted system that would refuse aid to recipients that failed a drug test while applying for a job, but did not require employers to administrate drug test. Wisconsin attempted a similar bill that required employers to submit any failed drug test whether or not the person was on welfare or not in hopes of catching any current or future applicants of welfare. In 2003 TANF (Temporary Assistance to Needy Families) passed a law that all Michigan applicants were required to take drug test prior to acceptation. Along with Florida that tried the same thing. Missouri implemented a process that would only

Many people may agree that drug testing people who are on or will become welfare is a great way to stop misuse of the system. Drug testing is one way to accomplish this, and their reasoning may be well founded.

There is an ongoing argument between individuals that believe anyone on any sort of government aid should be drug tested, and many that believe it’s unconstitutional and that they should not be drug tested. One federal aid is welfare also known as (TANF). Welfare is a public assistance program that provides at least the minimum amount of economic security to people who do have a job, but don’t make enough income, and to individuals that don’t have employment. Welfare was designed to give people whose incomes are insufficient to maintain an adequate standard type of living. Many government aid gets misused and abused. In many ways drug testing welfare recipients or applicant, first and foremost would benefit the person applying for assistance,

Drug testing is the evaluation of a urine, blood, hair or other type of bio. Drug testing is one action an employer can take to determine if employees or job applicants are using drugs. It can identify evidence of recent use of alcohol, prescription drugs and illegal drugs logical sample to determine if the subject has been using the drug or drugs in question. There are many circumstances

     There are different testing categories, and each comes under its own legal questioning. The first and by far the most common type of drug testing is pre-employment testing. This usually takes place when a company has decided to hire an employee, but makes that prospective employee pass a drug test before any sort of employment agreement is settled. Second, there is random drug testing that can involve two different policies. The first, simply being that random employees names are picked to undergo the testing. The second requiring all employees to take a drug test on a random day that can either be pre-announced or not. For example, my high school conducted drug testing on random students and on random days in a month. The third type of testing allows employers to test when they have reasonable suspicion to believe

One of the issues in favor of the anti-drug testing position is that sometimes persons are falsely accused due to poor testing methods or unreliability of those tests. Tests which measure impairment and alertness are the methods most commonly cited as unreliable. According to an article appearing in Business Week Magazine (1991), companies that use a test known as "Factor 2000" are finding that drug and alcohol use are not the most common reasons for failure. Fatigue and illness are the most common reasons for failure, not substance abuse. Lewis Maltby (1986) of the Drexelbrook Controls Company clarifies this by stating that drug testing does not tell whether an employee is impaired, but it does tell whether they have a substance problem. It is very hard to find evidence that positively identifies poor performance due to drug use. There are too many variables involved to pinpoint the exact reason, but labeling it as a drug related problem is not only incorrect, but is a dangerous assumption. The results of a drug test should not be used to assess job performance.

Ramos Vara JA, Miller MA. When Tissue antigens and antibodies get along: revisiting the technical aspects of immunohistochemsistry- the red, brown and blue technique. Vet Path. 2014; 51(1):42-87.

In order to keep organization ethical as it relates to drug testing, the U.S. Supreme Court has approved four methods for drug testing. The organization can request a blood, breath, hair, or urine tests. These tests will not harm the job candidate or employee. The company will send the job candidate or employee to an off-site medical

Those who refuse to give consent to be tested, or whose parents refuse consent, might face discrimination. It isn't clear weather testing serves any purpose. In some cases, a test might reveal that drugs were taken outside school hours, a time when the school has limited authority over a student. And problems might arise when drug testing is allied with issues of discipline, what right does the school have to discipline a student for actions outside of the classroom.

Background checks and random drug test are conducted by majority of employers in today’s job market. Depending on the employer, a background check may pull your credit history, your driving record, your civil history, and more. Most employers will also verify your educational background, your job history, and any other professional information. Some background checks even include a drug test. I learned that past activity can hinder a person from obtaining a job. For example, bad credit can keep an accountant from getting a job with a company. I also learned that a urine drug tests cannot determine when a drug was used. For example, a recent grad smokes marijuana the night of graduation to celebrate and a company drug test them a month later

To confirm the blood is human blood, I would use the ELISA test and the Kastle-Meyer test. Once the tests are complete and confirm human blood, I will analyze the splatters on the wall. Stain B looks as though someone attempted to wipe it off, as it seems to be smeared. Stain A appears to be moving left. Stain D and C look like stains from high impact. I would guess a gun was used at this scene, and that is what created the splatters on the

According to Joseph Desjardins and Ronald Duska’s Drug Testing in Employment, administering a drug test before and during employment may be popular but is mostly unnecessary and a