Egrets Research Essay

One’s view on something often changes when you look at it from more than one point of view. Morality plays a significant role in any decision making process. It is hard to justify any decision that is not moral. Sarah Orne Jewett’s “A White Heron” has many elements of nature, and of the preservation of what Sylvia holds dearly. The thought provoking short story evokes emotions of caring, loving, and fear. All of these emotions are shown by different settings and characters in the story.

Salmonella is a bacterial disease that occurs in the intestines, the signs and symptoms can be; fever, or other illnesses such as diarrhea and abdominal cramps. People typically get salmonella from contaminated foods, which seems to occur frequently from poultry and eggs (Nordqvist, 2016). This is just a basic look at salmonella though, next we need to look at the epidemiologic triad (host, agent, and environment) and see how each plays a role in a salmonella outbreak.

Foodborne illness, or food poisoning, happens everyday in the U.S. and it is estimated that 48 million people are affected by it every year. Of these 48 million, 128,000 end up in the hospital and 3000 of them die from foodborne pathogens (Tucker, 2014). Foodborne illnesses can be caused by biological, chemical, or physical contaminants. The biological contaminants consist of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Chemical contaminants are pesticides, cleaning supplies, and toxic chemicals. Physical contaminations are dirt, glass, wood, splinters, stones, hair, jewelry, and metal shavings (Tucker, 2014). Salmonella, a bacterium, has been the most common reported cause of food poisoning. Salmonella is most commonly exposed to humans through animal feces and it is usually from animals that give us beef, poultry, and dairy products. People who do not wash their hands after being around animals can also transmit salmonella into our food. The symptoms of Salmonella are abdominal cramps, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and fever (Tucker, 2014). The symptoms will usually resolve on their own in healthy people but may become life threatening in those with compromised immune systems. In order to prevent Salmonellosis, raw eggs should be avoided, as well as undercooked meat, shellfish, and unpasteurized milk and juice (Tucker, 2014). It is also important to always practice hand hygiene before handling any uncooked food products. Escherichia Coli, otherwise known as E. coli, is

The name of this story is “The White Heron.” Sarah Jewett wrote this loving, caring story about how money isn’t everything in life. The theme for “The White Heron” is that caring for others is bigger than money and stuff like that, because money can’t buy you feelings. I liked this story because it gets you to understand that caring for someone or something, is more important than money and buying things.

Typhoid fever. One of the types of salmonella bacteria is known as salmonella typhi. Even if salmonella is not originally carried by chickens, infected food handlers might contaminate the food during preparation and an undercooked chicken can absorb the bacteria and spread the disease. Around 21.5 million cases of typhoid fever is recorded worldwide. Symptoms of typhoid fever include a very high fever, weakness, headache, stomach pain, and rash.

Danny Newcastle, 6 y/o male has developed conjunctivitis and started sneezing and coughing. Danny’s younger sister, Lisa 4 y/o female, developed conjunctivitis and sneezing a week ago, but she recovered uneventfully. Newcastle family owns a small chicken farm, which is quite an attractive place for migratory birds in the fall and in the summer. A few weeks ago, more of their flock became weak and began sneezing and some of them died. My assessment of the situation is that the disease has transmitted from the sick birds to the kids due to the fact that the kids were playing with some of the sick birds. The chance of having some sort of zoonotic diseases such as coryza or bird influenza, in this case, is highly probable since we received a dead

The report (http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/live-poultry-07-15/index.html) is far from being a fake, and there have been 181 cases of salmonella reported this year in the US, 33 of them being hospitalized. Fortunately, not deaths have been registered, until this moment.

The Journal of Internal Medicine has determined that 50 million people worldwide have been infected with zoonotic diseases from 2000 to 2006 and that about 78,000 of those people have died (Disease Threat From Exotic Pets). A profuse number of reptiles carry salmonella, and since they usually don’t exhibit any symptoms, there is no easy way of knowing which reptile is infected. “[About] 80% to 90% of all macaque monkeys are infected with Herpes B-virus or Simian B, a virus that is harmless to monkeys, but often fatal in humans” (Born free USA). The Ebola virus, monkeypox, and other fatal illnesses have also been known to be spread by

In 1853, lungsickness arrived though accidently imported cattle into the Cape Colony. A debate spread about how to treat it, and because of the lack of veterinary services, it was confirmed that a medical profession should come to treat it. Looking into diseases and wild animals on a closer level, chapter five discusses bacteria. Friedrich Loeffler isolated a bacteria from diseased mice and concluded it was not possible to infect other animals of other species. Additionally, in the past 50 years, governments have made it a priority to control the populations of wild animals, as many of these animals hold diseases that cause health problems. Moving on, the next chapter explains a report from The Pasteur’s Institute in Riga that focuses on the interpretation of data on rabies epidemiology and post exposure vacation, its modification, results, and scientific work. In addition, it talks about the importance of vaccinations. On rabies, it talks about statistics associated with it as well. After diseases became apparent, public health became a priority. Because of the meat scares, a larger importance was placed on the cattle and meat inspection. Veterinarians stepped in at this point, and were asked by farmers to look at the animals and try to reduce diseases in attempt to improve food

Biotic factors are found in every ecosystem, interacting together to survive. Herons (or the common egret) inhabit mangrove swamps, and are found in most parts of the world. They can usually be found by mangrove tree roots, feeding mainly on frogs, fish, small mammals and occasionally small insects and reptiles. In contrast, the Umbrella Cockatoo’s who are rainforest dwellers, they are located in Northwest islands

Infected bird populations experience high morbidity and mortality rates. The virus is transmitted among birds by exposure to droppings or close contact with an infected bird (Petsko, 2005). Birds typically present with swollen or bluish wattles, cyanosis, respiratory distress, diarrhea, and pinpoint hemorrhages on the legs. Infected wild birds can spread H5N1 to various locations along their migratory pathway, hence the spread from Asia to Europe (Kilpatrick et al, 2006).

Pasteur had already done work six years earlier with the disease chicken cholera, a disease that was to blame for the elimination of chicken flock in France. Through this one vaccine he produced for a single species of bird, he was able to discover the phenomena of virulence, or the harmful quality of a microorganism that causes the

Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi, a member of the genus Salmonella, which is included in the Enterobacteriaceae family. Salmonella typhi cells are aerobic, gram negative rods that

Infectious bursal disease recognized a syndrome, later termed "Avian nephrosis" on broiler farm near the community of Gumboro Delaware U.S.A. Avian nephrosis or Gumboro disease characterized by acute morbidity and mortality (Cosgrove and Lasher., 1957).

Starlings can transmit diseases to livestock and humans such as transmissible gastroenteritis virus, salmonella, and blastomycosis. Histoplasmosis, a fungal respiratory disease, is another health concern. It’s occurs during large winter roosts with these birds. The mass accrue of droppings enrich the soil where the fungus grows. When disturbed, the spores from the fungus can become airborne. If inhaled, Histoplasmosis can be contracted. Most cases are mild, but on occasion it can cause blindness and even death.