El Niño Vs La Niña

Extreme weather is another effect of global warming. While experiencing some of the hottest summers on record, much of the United States has also been experiencing colder-than-normal winters. Changes in climate can cause the polar jet stream the boundary between the cold North Pole air and the warm equatorial air to migrate south, bringing with it cold, Arctic air. This is why some places have very cold weather more often than some of the othe hot areas.Global warming may also lead to extreme weather other than cold or heat extremes. Like tornadoes or hurricane patterns might change. The atmosphere indicate that hurricanes are more likely to become less frequent on a global basis, though

Research professor Jennifer Francis from Rutgers University, is one of the people seeking answers to these questions. “She believes that the jet stream from the south and climate change is what is bringing in the warmer, wetter air and causing the warming trend” (Francis 2016).

Peru is an ever-changing climate system due to the mixture of terrain and climate that consist of everything from tropical forest in the east and deserts in the west. Additionally, in the Andes Mountains the temperature is always much colder than the rest of the Country and is located in the center of the Country. Peru maintains a stable southern hemisphere climate, one that is near reversed of the northern hemisphere with the summer months being December through February and the winter following in July through September. However, off the coast of South America an event changes the weather that happens every 2-7 years. The local citizens have named this event El Nino, which means "The Little Boy" due to its occurrence in December. During El Nino, the waters off Peru's coast begin to warm and cause large numbers of fish to die, effecting the wildlife and local population greatly. The fishers that live on the coast of Peru suffer tremendously due to the fish that die off are their main source of food and food production during this event. Additionally,

How Climate Change Effects The MidwestClimate Change in the Midwest effects people, ecosystems and infrastructure such as transportation, communication, sewage, water and electric systems. Environmentally climate change increases heat stress, flooding, drought, and late spring freezes. It helps disease prevalence, it also increases competition with native or nonnative species. Climate Change also causes erosion with land, also cause crop failures and reduces industrial products. Explanations will be included under this paragraph along with the main ideas in this paragraph. Climate change can affect

Overall El Niño is a world wide phenomenon which affects countries in different ways depending on were they are situated and whether they are a LEDC or MEDC.

This caused more snake bites as mice from the higher elevations came to lower elevations to find food and water while their prey (snakes) followed them. In New Mexico, however, the climate turned cooler and wetter. This caused an increase in the bubonic plague, because the weather conditions were ideal for fleas and rodents. “The mountain and pacific states had severe storms that caused $1.1 billion of damage and left 45 plus people dead” (Blue Planet, 2017, table 1). Because of the abnormal warm sea surface temperatures, there were multiple shark attacks off the Oregon coast. This caused the sharks to migrate towards the warm ocean waters. The California coast suffered from continuous violent rain, wind and high tides that eroded the shore. The erosion caused fishermen to notice different species along the coastline that did not belong in that particular area (Gannon, 1986). Also during the famous 1982-1983 El Niño, Hawaii was hit by Hurricane Iwa causing an abundance amount of damage (Blue Planet, 2017). “Perhaps one of the most striking effect of the 1982-1983 El Niño was recorded by David Salstein and Richard Rosten of Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. in Cambridge, Massachusetts. They found that the angular momentum of the Earth shifted slightly as a result of changes in the normal pattern of the jet stream and trade winds. In late January, at El Niño’s peak, the

Leading up to a hurricane will start feeling warm and moist, allowing the air to become warm an humid, also allowing latent heat to spread. the next need is low pressure disturbance, also know as a tropical wave, to rise and make strong thunderstorms.if hurricanes try to form to close to the equator, it will not be strong enough to gather its self and rotate.

It is important to understand the various cycles our atmosphere goes through due to how they affect our daily lives. The ENSO Cycle has a large impact globally and locally in California as we have seen with the long-term drought Southern California is currently in. The ENSO cycle can be defined by sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the Pacific Equatorial Area known as Nino 3.4 region (5oN-5oS, 120o-170oW). Unusually cooler waters (-.5 degrees centigrade) occurring for three consecutive months outlines a La Niña. La Niña’s bring wetter weather to Australia and Indonesia but often leaves the Eastern Pacific dry. Unlike La Niña’s, unusually warm water (+.5 degrees centigrade above average) occurring for 3 consecutive month’s outlines an

The Western United States and Alaska were slammed with massive heat in 2014. Records were broke in North America and across every inhabited continent. The oceans were warmer except around most of Antarctica. Scientists say that the warming of the ocean is, "...providing the energy that fuel damaging Pacific storms.". Along with record breaking heat temperatures, the 2014 year passed 2010 for the warmest year. The top 10 warmest years have occured since 1997. The scientists say this is, "a consequence of human activity and possess profound long-term risks to civilization and nature" (2014 Breaks Heat Record). Scientists say that the most remarkable thing about the 2014 heat record was that it occured without a strong El Nino. An El Nino is

Easterly Trade Winds over the equatorial Pacific Ocean are partially to blame for both occurrences. For La Niña, the Easterly Trade Winds substantiate her atmospheric conditions. The Winds blow added warm water west, which causes very cold water below the ocean's surface to rise upward toward the surface replacing the warm water, and this occurs near the South American coast. During an El Niño, the opposite occurs. The Easterly Trade Winds become weaker causing a lessened, to no impact, at all. The Winds can even reverse direction. The warm Pacific Ocean becomes nearly stationary or flows eastward and as it does, it gains heat because there is little or no circulation of air. Not only does El Niño affect weather, it is also responsible for

In the 2012-2013 North American drought, many crops such as corn and soybeans were failing, affecting trade, and the people. In places that were already drought like but had heavy rainfall caused flooding. Also, with the increase of rain, it permits the spread of weeds and pests to different areas. People in settlements with changing precipitation patterns have trouble predicting the weather- because the weather is unpredictable! The limited water supply would affect the health of the people, the animals and hydropower plants. If there is too much precipitation, (more than normal) then that would cause widespread flooding. Recreation would also be affected; either too much snow or not enough snow on hills for skiing, snowboarding etc. Not enough water for indoor skating, or flooding which means no outdoor skating. Fishing and canoeing would also be affected. Transportation would be limited because there is either not enough water for boats, too much water for cars, trucks, trains, etc. or the conditions are too harsh for airplanes or helicopters. Since transportation is affected, trade is affected which means there is a whooping decrease in the economy! Also, because warmer air holds more moisture, the amount of rain will increase dramatically, which can cause

La Niña will change temperatures and weather dramatically in the western part of North America. The biggest change will occur in the northwestern part of the US. In that region, they will be receiving more and more precipitation. In the Alaskan/Canadian coast, it will get colder, while the southwest region will be dry. Also, the south east region will get warmer, while the east coast will get wet like the northwest coast.

The angle at which sunlight strikes the ground causes the seasons. Earth does not have an axis that is straight up and down, its axis is tilted 23.5°. When Earth revolves around the sun, the way the sunlight hits earth causes some places to be colder when they are tilted away from the sun, while other places are warmer because they are tilted towards the sun. An example of this is our Boston/ San Carlos data lab. In this lab, we looked at the weather for Boston and San Carlos de Bariloche. The reason we chose San Carlos is because it is our exact latitude opposite, being 29° South and Boston being 29° North. As Boston was proceeding into winter, San Carlos was proceeding to summer. This is because of Earth’s tilt. San Carlos is tilted towards

scientific term that describes the fluxes of the temperatures between the ocean and the atmosphere in the central-eastern equatorial pacific. La Nina is the cold phase of the cycle with El Nino being the warm phase in ENSO cycle. This cooling of water have an impact on global weather and climate. Due to La Nina there are stronger wind currents in the pacific and impacts on Australian rain patterns.

El Nino is the event that has more effect on this area because it has a significant reduction in nutrients due to warm ocean currents that decreases the level of productivity and abruptly changes the food web. On the other hand, PDO are low frequent oscillation and they have a fifth teen to thirty year cycle (Nathan and Hare 2002; Sandweiss et al. 2004).