La Nina Earthquake

In December 2010, the highest recorded Queensland rainfall associated with Tropical Cyclone ‘Tasha’ caused flooding of the Fitzroy River in Queensland, Australia. A massive flood plume inundated coral reefs lying 12 km offshore of the Central Queensland coast near Yeppoon and caused 40–100% mortality to coral fringing many of the islands of Keppel Bay down to a depth of [approximately] 8 m. The severity of coral mortality was influenced by the level of exposure to low salinity seawater as a result of the reef’s distance from the flood plume… There was no evidence in this study of mortality resulting from pollutants derived from the nearby Fitzroy Catchment... suggesting that during a major flood, the impact of low salinity on corals outweighs that of pollutants. Recovery of the reefs in Keppel Bay from the 2010/2011 Fitzroy River flood is likely to take 10–15 years based

As I was reading as The Great Molasses Flood of 1919, I was shocked!The closest relation that I could possibly think of that I have seen is the rainfall flood of 2008 in Saline County, Illinois. I remember going outside and wading in water, it was almost impossible to drive and buildings were flooded majorly. “Excess of 12 inches above normal.” (Flood of 2008) When I walked outside, I could not believe my eyes! I didn’t even think it was possible for Carrier Mills to get as much rain as it had

|collapsed in the Buffalo Creek Valley. Over 130 million gallons of water and waste material devastated Buffalo Creek's sixteen |

More than 180,000 people huddled in shelters in the Sunshine State and officials warned it could take weeks for electricity to be restored to everyone.

The American Red Cross team had 50 volunteers to help lead by Clara Barton. It was a major diester it overflowed all the dams and got into people’s house and destoryed their values. May 31st it was already flooding

The Ellicott City flood was destructive because it was on a high gradient stream. The high gradient stream made it flood faster, and had low stream discharge. Discharge is cross section of stream channel. It was also capable of moving large particles, which is an example of deposition and erosion. In the experiment, the ‘Main Street Ellicott City’ stream was more affected than the Meandering Stream. The Main Street Ellicott City stream was flooded faster, and more houses and cars were destroyed compared to the Meandering

The floods were caused by heavy rain from a tropical cyclone named cyclone Tasha that joined with a La Niña event* caused an overflow of water in rivers and lakes. The La Niña in 2010 was the strongest La Niña since 1973.This caused a lot of rainfall across Queensland. That December was the wettest on record and 107 places had their highest rainfalls ever. 2010 was also recorded as the states most wet spring since the 1900’s and Australia's third wettest year. Floods started across the state in December. On the 28th December a monsoonal trough crossed the coast from the Coral Sea, bringing heavy rain from the Gulf of Carpentaria to the Gold Coast, overfilling a dam in Towoomba, causing it to malfunction and release the water.

The site chosen for this report is the Moolap Waterfront and its hinterland. It is located 5km East of the City Centre of Geelong, South -west of Melbourne, Victoria. The site is generally flat topography with a significant coastal frontage and it’s considered to be a flood prone area.(This should go up)

A flood can be defined in many depths but is simply water where it isn’t wanted. In late 2010 Queensland was affected by major flash flooding this continued on into the beginning of 2011 and ¾ of Queensland was declared a disaster zone.

Carlisle was among the worst hit communities with 1,930 properties affected while in Kendal, 2,140 were flooded as the flood alleviation scheme that was built during the 1970s was overwhelmed20. The December storms also resulted in flood defences being overtopped in other communities in the north-west, including Appleby and

Information that was used to develop my conclusions were relative to the history of Clearwater River such as the average normal discharge of 40,000cfs, the fact that the river can accommodate 55,000cfs before flooding will occur, and that with every increase of 2600cfs the river rises one foot. For example, this information helped to determine that four of the thirteen noted Peak Flood Discharges listed on the worksheet were not at flood stage as the river is able to accommodate discharges less than 55,000cfs. However, nine of the thirteen Peak Flood Discharges listed on the worksheet were at flood stage or drastically above; with the maximum rise of 17.77 feet above and a discharge rate of 101,200cfs. The average discharge rate of the top three noted floods per information on the Stream Gauge Data of Peak Flow Discharges is 93,613cfs, which is resourceful later in determining the extrapolated 75-year flood.

Flooding was caused by approximately 15 inches of rainfall over the span of a week

The interruption measures up to the record set by Hurricane Sandy in 2012, which left 8m homes without control for a normal of eight days. The moving of America's populace to beach front groups, where 39% of the populace live, implies Americans are more helpless against rising tides. One out of 12 lives in a home that can expect a 1% possibility of flooding in any given year, as indicated by information distributed in the Annals of the American Association of Geographers in June. Urban improvement on floodplains moderated in the vicinity of 2001 and 2011, however not in Manhattan and Miami. Around 15% of Manhattan and 40% of Miami are in surge hazard zones.

The North Sea Flood occurred within Saturday, 31st January 1953, and seemed to remain persistent prior to subsiding within the morning of Sunday, 1st February. Regardless of initial concerns regarding a plausible flood arising, citizens within the coastal regions of England and the Netherlands remained ignorant toward constant cautionary aids. The North Sea Flood has been considered as a calamitous phenomenon that has forced detriments upon the citizens that resided nearing the Northern Sea ; coastal areas of Netherlands, England, Belgium, France as well as Denmark. Oblivion toward the aftermath of the flooding resulted within fatalities and varying injuries. This remains as the focal reasoning referring to constant fatalities regarding floods.

The cause of this flood was a winter monsoon. This is why the end of November beginning of December had such heavy rainfall. This area plans on winter monsoons to fill their main water supplies. They just didn’t plan for this much moisture in such a short amount of time. Normal amount of rainfall for Chennai in a year is 139 centimeters. In 2015 During the same time frame Chennai received 1609 milometers and 1815 milometers (Rela et al, 2016, p.2). Although 2015’s numbers were much larger the major issue is those numbers occurred in only a 4-5 day period compared to almost three months. The first rainfall which was November 15th caused some light flooding in areas that were low. Rivers, lakes, and marshlands raised from the first rainfall and did not have time to go back down to their regular levels. Because there was already some flooding from the first amount of rain everything flooded with the next rainfall. On December 1st parts of Chennai and areas around received 49 centimeters in twenty-four hours. For the following five days it continued to rain, just not at the same intensity level it did on December first. Monsoons are what fill the water reservoirs that are west and southwest of Chennai. These reservoirs are what supplies water for agriculture and for the city’s water demands. All most all the moisture they receive in those three months supplies them with drinking water for the year. Kosasthalayar, Cooum, and Adyar are