Electrocardiogram Research Paper

Great post. I like the points you outlined about assessment of Mr. J. You started with maintaining ABC’s to checking lower extremities pulses to ensure that it is not cut off by the tight constrictive band of the eschar. ECG should be monitored at least the first 24 hours because Mr. J is prone to cardiac arrest due to high electrical voltage injury. Fluid resuscitation with 14 or 16 gauge preferably through unburned tissue, and infusion of lactated Ringer’s solution will help to prevent shock. Assessment of vital signs and pain is very important, the nurse should also assess for history of tetanus immunization because burn wounds are prone to tetanus. Mr.’s brief medical history is important in case he has any allergies, current medical

Early on in life, I wanted to dedicate my life to serve the population one way or another, to help make a difference, and medicine has been the path I’ve chosen. When I was younger, I wanted to be the one to help my family when they were sick, but I helplessly sat around being able to do nothing. Even when I was asked what I wanted to be I replied a few things; a singer and dancer like Michael Jackson, a lawyer, engineer like daddy, or a doctor. I think you may know which one I stuck with. Recently when my twin sister tore her ACL, it magnified the feeling of helplessness and affirmed my aspirations as well. As a child, my mother became sick when my pregnant with my younger brother Andrew. There’s been many deaths in my family such as the passing of my father’s dad to cancer, that they didn’t know he had until he died. My maternal

You use it by placing skin electrodes on the body in specific places. There are multiple letters shown in the animation - P, QRS, T, and U. The letter “P” represents the depolarization of the atria. Next, the QRS complex shows the depolarization of the ventricles. The QRS complex wave is much bigger than the “P” wave because the atria is much smaller than the ventricles. After, the “T” shows the REpolarization of the ventricles. The “U” wave does not appear very much, but shows often when something is wrong with the heart - some also can believe it is the repolarization of the purkinje fibers.

Tachycardia refers to an abnormally fast resting heart rate - usually at least 100 beats per minute. The threshold of a normal heart rate (pulse) is generally based on the person's age. Tachycardia can be dangerous; depending on how hard the heart has to work.In general, the adult resting heart beats between 60 and 100 times per minute (some doctors place the healthy limit at 90, so some of them may diagnose tachycardia at slightly lower than 100 beats per minute). When an individual has tachycardia the upper or lower chambers of the heart beat significantly faster - sometimes this happens to both chambers.

During the test the patient is asked to remain still, shivering could distort the reading therefore you are to be warm while the test is in progress. The patient is able to breathe normally. The test shows a line tracing with spikes and valleys on a piece of paper. Those spikes and valleys are called waves. The creation of the waves are made by the upper chambers and lower chambers. The upper chambers make the first wave referred to as the “P wave” and the lower chambers make the second wave, which is referred to as “QRS complex”. Following this wave is the “T wave”, the final wave. This wave is the electrical recovery or return to the resting state for the ventricles. This test measures how long it takes an electrical wave to pass through the heart. It also tests if the electrical activity is normal, or too slow, or possibly to fast. EKG’s can even help find the cause of certain symptoms of heart disease. Such as shortness of breath, dizziness and palpitations. They also can determine if the walls of the heart are too thick. It can test whether medications are causing side effects to the heart. People with pacemakers get EKGs done to test how well the devices is

Antiarrhythmic drugs are prescribed for the treatment of heart conditions caused by arrhythmias. Arrhythmias are when the heart is beating abnormally, such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. There are five different groups of antiarrhythmic drugs. Dependent on your symptoms and how severe they are will be the determining factor of what type of antiarrhythmic drug you will take. With any type of medication, you take you will need to keep an eye out for side effects. Antiarrhythmic agents when used as directed can treat and prevent further implications and possibly save your life.

In mammals each organ serves its own importance to the life and survival of that individual and if one is not working properly it can result in a disturbance in its general physiology. One of those organs is the heart, which serves as a pump that helps circulate blood throughout the body. It also serves in the process to oxygenate the blood by pushing the blood to the lungs. This happens by the blood first entering the right atrium at a low pressure and then it is pushed out of the right ventricle at a high pressure to the lungs, where the carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged. The oxygenated blood then returns to the heart through the left atrium, at low pressure, and then is forced through the rest of the body by the left ventricle, at

Figure 1 shows basic block diagram of Temperature sensor based rate responsive pacemaker. The first block defines the temperature sensor which converts the physiological variable in to an electrical signal. Which then taken in to account and work as input to analog to digital converter that convert analog signal (Temperature) into its equivalent digital

ECG is electric signal generated by the activity of the heart, and it plays critical role in heart related disease and disorder such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), pulmonary disease, and sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) \cite{huigen2002investigation,chi2010dry,refet2008biopotential, malmivuo1995bioelectromagnetism}. EMG represents the activity of skeletal muscles by electrical signal. This signal has been utilised to analyse medical abnormality, muscle activation level, and recruitment order \cite{de2002surface,fridlund1986guidelines, de1997use, merletti2009technology}. Heart rate (HR), or also known as heart pulse, represents the speed of the heartbeat \cite{allen2007photoplethysmography,shelley2007photoplethysmography}. HR has been become the

Recording an electrocardiogram or ECG, is a procedure which is performed daily all over the United Kingdom by thousands of healthcare workers and in particular nurses (Jacobson, 2000). The way in which this procedure is performed varies from geographical location to location and occasionally even more so, between staff on the same ward (Amos, 2000). This reason stated by Amos (2000), formed the basis of my decision to choose this topic.

“Employing threshold inverter quantization (TIQ) technique in designing 9-bit folding and interpolation CMOS analog-to-digital converters (ADC)” Oktay Aytar and Ali Tangel [42] ; This paper present designing and interpolation of a 9-bit folding and interpolation ADC using 0.35 µm CMOS C35B4 model under AMS-HIT kit library. The complete system consist of two main blocks, one of them is 4-bit flash ADC using TIQ technique and second one is the 5-bit

Integrated intelligent sensors has emerged in a wide range of applications including health care, surveil- lance, environment monitoring, smart buildings, and Internet-of-Things, etc, and has significantly benefited society due to alleviating certain monitoring and processing tasks. However, novel applications such as wearable biomedical devices require further miniaturization of existing state-of-the-art hardware while having more signal processing capability due to the need to perform real-time processing, i.e. not only monitoring but also detecting abnormal physiological signals and providing help by calling a hospital or ambulance. One fundamental problem with these applications is that the high-performance signal processing circuit consumes too much power, which limits system battery lifetime or processing capability. Thus, these applications require the design of low-power signal processing hardware, especially multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) circuits, which are widely used in linear signal processing algorithms. Accordingly, the goal of the proposed research is to address these

The constant monitoring of heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output is taken for granted now. Nurses in today’s hospitals can sit at a desk yards away from the patient’s room and monitor exact-time statistics without leaving their seat. In the early practice of medicine, nurses would have to constantly measure the patient’s statistics, and even so, they could never be completely accurate or up to date because of miscalculations and the conditions of the human body. But ever since the 1950s when Dr. Homer Warner and several engineers first constructed a “circuit,” or basic computer, the technology has continued to evolve in medicine, including the many monitors and sensors every patient wears now, in addition to the actual

Most of the advanced control and signal processing methods are accurate and show a better dynamic response than the FFT, but a large amount of calculations is required, which does not demonstrate an excellent performance in frequency-varying conditions [10-13]. Adaptive notch filter (ANF) is another advanced algorithm which has been introduced as an effective control technique for extracting reference sinusoidal components from distorted input signal. ANF is capable of changing the notch frequency suitably by tracking the frequency variations of the input signal [14-16].

Sigma-Delta modulator is designed with the bandwidth of 10 MHz and sampling frequency of 350 MHz. The modulator is designed using a Matlab code and the circuit is then designed on SIMULINK. The evaluation indicates that the second order modulator achieves 73.5 dB peak SNDR and 73 dB of peak SNR.