1. Introduction 1.1 Background and History Today’s technological world largely revolves around energy and its myriad of uses and implementations. Surgery is no exception and has followed this upsurge in knowledge and equipment. The vast majority of surgical procedures performed throughout the world involve the use of some device that applies energy to the tissue for cutting, coagulation, desiccation, or fulguration for the destruction or manipulation of the tissue. Whereas various energy sources, including electricity, ultrasound, laser, argon gas, microwaves, or radiofrequency (RF) waves, may be used, the fundamental principle involves tissue necrosis and hemostasis by heating. The process of denaturation of tissue begins with the …show more content…
Laparoscopic surgeries, sometimes known as keyhole surgeries, are a modern technique in which operations in the abdomen are performed through small incisions (.5-1.5cm). These surgeries are inherently more difficult and require a large amount of skill and training on the part of the surgeon, thus any device that allows for freedom of movement or ease is in high demand. Electrosurgery accounts for 80% of all cutting and coagulating and there are approximately 40,000 patient burns in the US every year due to electrosurgery. In 2002 alone nearly 650 million was paid out in claims for those injuries [5]. These injuries can happen in part due to improper training of the surgeon or medical staff as well as the inherent difficulty of keyhole surgeries. Ultrasonic devices are known for their control on thermal spread and burnings but don’t pack the same amount of power and punch as a traditional radiofrequency ablation (RFA) biopolar or monopolar device. This results in rebleeding, or oozing of blood, out of some sealed cuts. The creation of a device that can cut with ultrasonic technology but use RFA technology to touch up or stop this bleeding is being considered. Thus a device that allows for better ease and universal use is in high demand, not only for the cost benefits but also the vast improvement of patient
On October 25, 2006, Dr. Weber conducted an ablation process on Jan Hughes using the HTA. During the process, the hot liquid from the device leaked out and burnt three-inch by two-inch of Hughes’s outer perineal body area and the inside of vaginal introitus. (Hughes, 2011)
Over the years, surgery has made tremendous progress while changing human perspective; viewed as “no more science than butchery” a couple of centuries ago to now considered to be a solution for many health care problems, such as cancer, heart disease and kidney failure. Nevertheless, surgery has not been perfected to a level that provides great results every time it is performed on patients. For example, surgery done on cancer patients to remove tumors has a forty-five percent success rate (Cancer Research UK, 2013). However, in order to be successful, the surgical procedure has to be performed very precisely. And incomplete removal of tumors can decrease the patient’s survival rate and potential of future build up.
Because laser light does not spread, the laser is ideal for precise surgical applications. The light produced is absorbed by tissue which, in turn, is consequently “harmed”. So it is important to take similar precautions when using the ESU when using lasers. Always check the power cords for frays, and check to make sure all switches are functioning properly. Also, make sure not to use any inflammable agents
b. The prevention and management of unintended hypothermia remain a nation priority in preventing surgical site infection, and it has been designated as an SCIP quality measure. (Philips, 2015)
Additionally, I am ready to pay more attention to this topic while in university and get involved in activities concerning tissue viability/ wound care. Besides, I would like to have the possibility to consider this topic for my dissertation essay at the end of my 3rd year.
• Electrodesiccation and curettage. This involves alternately scraping and burning the tumor, using an electric current to control bleeding.
Physicians needed a way to get to the veins of their patients quickly, so several tools were fabricated over the centuries, ensuring a swift puncture; even some punctures with a measurable degree of incision. These tools consisted of lancets and scarifications, which opened the vein; then there were cupping cups and leeches, which allowed a more localized draw from the capillaries. Davis and Apel state, "in the eighteenth century, delicate mechanical spring lancets and scarifications were invented to replace the simpler thumg lancets and fleams." Lancets are surgical knives that bore the greatest amount of liquid; creating an opening approximately one-fifth of an inch. Spring-loaded lancets were the easiest to use because they made consistent cuts whose cuts varied depending on the skill of the physician. Scarificators were brass boxes with a lever on top that released a set of blades which snapped out of slits on the base; offering a consistent depth and length of an incision. Cupping cups were heated while placed on the patients skin. As the cup cooled on the skin, a vacuum type of energy
The wound around the surgical site is then closed with stitches. The tissue is then sent to the laboratory for microscopic examination to verify that all cancerous cells have been removed. A repeat excision may be necessary if evidence of skin cancer is found in the specimen. Another, is called Curettage and Electrodesiccation. In this surgery a growth is scraped off with a curette, a tool with a sharp, ring-shaped tip, and they use burning heat produced by an electrocautery needle that destroys tumors and controls bleeding. This procedure is repeated a few times, a deeper layer of tissue being scraped and burned each time to help make sure that no tumor cells remain there. Another, is called Cryosurgery. In this surgery the doctor destroys the tumor tissue by freezing it with liquid nitrogen, using a cotton-tipped applicator or spray device. There is no cutting or bleeding, and no anesthesia is required. The procedure may be repeated several times at the same session to help ensure destruction of all malignant cells. The growth becomes crusted and scabbed and usually falls off within
Neuromuscular electrostimulation is a popular way to relieve pain and rejuvenate sore muscles. Neuromuscular electrostimulation is the elicitation of muscle contraction using electrical impulses. In sports medicine, neuromuscular electrostimulation has been used for muscle strengthening, maintenance of muscle mass and strength during periods of prolonged immobilization, selective muscle retraining, and the control of edema. But what will the effects be of neuromuscular electrostimulation and plyometric training on the vertical jump height of teenage athletes? Will the vertical jump height increase, decrease, or stay the same after an eight-week period of using neuromuscular electrostimulation to rejuvenate and strengthen muscles after plyometric training sessions.
Technology is transforming the medical field with the design of robotic devices and multifaceted imaging. Even though these developments have made operations much less invasive, robotic systems have their own disadvantages that prevent them from replacing surgeons all together. Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) is a broad notion encompassing a lot of common procedures that existed prior to the introduction of robots. It refers to general procedures that keep away from long cuts by entering the body through small, usually about 1cm, entry incisions, through which surgeons use long-handled instruments to operate on tissue inside the body. Such operations are directed by viewing equipment and, therefore, do not automatically need the use of a robot. Yet, it is not incorrect to say that computer-assisted and robotic surgeries are categories that fall under minimally invasive surgery (Robotic Surgery, n.d.).
Throughout the surgery, numerous complications arise despite the proper planning. Perhaps, one of the most dangerous complication is the Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) - a broad concept which encompasses Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE). The risk for VTE after surgery is further increased and in absence of thromboprophylaxis, it is associated with high mortality rate of 40-60% (Liu et al., 2016). Hence, VTE prophylaxis guidelines recommends the use of pharmacological prophylaxis such as warfarin, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). However, the chemical therapeutic agents are associated with increased risk of bleeding, intraoperative hemorrhage and hematoma (Frostick, 2016). This further results in delayed wound healing, infection and high risk of readmission (Nam et al., 2015). Therefore, this paper explores is the cooperative effectiveness of mechanical prophylaxis such as mobile Compression Devices
As today’s technology is changing, some of the most major effects of it are superior advances in the medical field. One advance in the medical field is tissue engineering. It is being developed for use in regenerative medicine and soon to be in wider use for other treatments. Tissue engineering’s goal for the future is for the medicine to be able to stimulate other cells around the damage area of the body to get them to grow and produce living tissue (Sciencedaily). Another medical advancement is the monitoring systems and how hospitals can better track for problems and signs of an emergency. This can also help the surgeons decide how to stitch up a patient for best recovery time (Sciencedaily). As technology keeps progressing, another medical advancement is the way surgeons are doing operations. Today, for complex surgeries, surgeons now will get help from the use of a robot for accurate procedures; this will help with the size of the incision and keep the recovery time shorter than during standard surgery.
There are many clinical practices which involve skin percutaneous diagnosis and therapies. A thin tool such needle, catheter, tissue ablation probe etc, is inserted into a tissue to reach a target (Abolhassani et al., 2006). Take a biopsy from (breast, kidney, and liver), nerve block, drug delivery and blood sampling, are some applications of percutaneous needle procedures (Bishoff et al. 1998). The accuracy of needle insertion determines the efficiency of a percutaneous diagnosis or therapy (Youk et al., 2007). According to Abolhassani et al., (2006), the type of application or procedure determines the required accuracy of the procedures. For example, biopsy, anaesthesia, and brachytherapy, are required accuracy of millimetres while in other producers such as eye, brain, ear, and foetus are required much higher accuracy in nanometres. According to Kohn et al., (2000), the target could be in the millimetre neighbourhood of another organ, nerve or vessel. Hence, needle insertion producers
In this day and age, as medicine and surgery advanced, more organs have been emerged for people in the world. There are approximately 3.5 million operations take place per year around the world (Cho, H. 2009). In order to save lives, organ
The medical field has revolutionized the health and well being of society. Throughout the decades, the medical field has been through sweeping changes that leave society astonished. It seems like each year that passes by, there is a new technological advancement that modernizes the medical field. Not only do these advancements modernize medicine, but they in return aid doctors, nurses, and specialists by improving their effectiveness within the field. About ten years ago, the da Vinci Surgical System was introduced to hospitals and the medical field, in general because the FDA had finally approved the system within the United States (Dunkin). The da Vinci Surgical System, also known basically as robotic surgery, introduced the use of a