Englin Advantages And Disadvantages

Mesopotamia, “the Land between Rivers,” was one of the greatest and the oldest ancient civilizations of the world. This civilization flourished around 3000 B.C. on the piece of fertile land, now known as Iraq, between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. Before 1792 B.C., the city-states of ancient Mesopotamia were not united and constantly clashed in turmoil and warfare. In 1792 B.C., King Hammurabi conquered and merged the neighboring city states of ancient Mesopotamia, creating a Babylonian empire and becoming the sixth king of its capitol city, Babylon. During his reign, Hammurabi established law and order and funded irrigation, defense, and religious projects. He personally took care of and governed the administration. In

Marco Polo, an Italian merchant, believed that the immersive city of Tabriz was a noble one and that because it was well suited and situated for trade, merchants from all over parts of Europe journeyed there to buy and sell goods (Doc 6). A document from either a local source who was not a merchant is needed to justify Marco Polo’s biased view of Tabriz. Marco Polo, a merchant himself would try and find a way to relate everything he saw to trade, so this source is not very reliable. Document 9 is a map of Muslim sea and land trade routes, which shows the thorough and extensive trade network across Asia, Europe, and North Africa. Cities played a huge role in trade as well as cultural advancement.

Starting their empire in 750 C.E., the Abbasids were certain to leave a major impact on the Arab world. The Abbasids had moved the empire’s capital to Baghdad, from Damascus, after gaining control. The empire had spanned across three continents and was drenched with many open ideas, as the empire had been widely involved in trade. Being spanned over such a vast array of land, the Abbasids had many ideas in front of them, and they were capable of drawing out the best of those from the areas in which they had conquered. These ideas were not even from extensive trade routes that they had carved out themselves, but they had just used the ones that were established by the Persians, before the Umayyad Dynasty had taken them over. Through somewhat minimal work, this empire was capable

During the Post-Classical Era, the sacking of Baghdad in 1258 by the Mongols and the fall of Constantinople in 1453 by the Ottoman Turks greatly impacted and shaped the economy and political moves of Europeans, the Mongols provided important trade connections between Europe and Asia where, not only the trade of goods flourished but, also knowledge and technology, however as Mongol power declined and the Turks, who the Europeans saw as a threat, finally conquered the weakened Constantinople, they also cut off Europe’s overland trade route to Asia and the Middle East, prompting the expansion of Europe’s maritime trade routes and encouraging exploration.

The already existing trade routes of the trans-Saharan, the Silk Road, the Indian Ocean network, and the Mediterranean Sea network continued to help empires, goods, beliefs, ideas, technologies, and people spread to newer and farther cities with trade centers. These cities included Hangzhou, Tenochtitlan, Baghdad, Cahokia, Venice, and Swahili city-states.

It had easy access to the Red Sea and other populated cities, such as Aden, Alexandria, and Muscat. The city began as “the crossroads of the lucrative caravan trade” and grew into an even busier area for vendors to prosper (Document A). Merchants from throughout the region carried merchandise, such as spices, perfumes, precious metals, ivory, and silk, in and out of the city (Document A). Mecca was not only a significant trade center, but became the home of the Ka’ba, the holy site of Islam. As visitors stopped by the area and the holy shrine, they became exposed to the religion and its teachings. Traders then brought Islam’s teachings along trade routes to areas beyond the peninsula. As ideas spread, a variety of people from all over the western world either learned about or experienced Islamic culture. The trade routes, on both land and sea, brought goods and the religion of Islam to areas as far as India, East Africa, China, and Spain (Document

across the lands were welcomed into Baghdad in order to earn or share knowledge. Once the

Trade in the Mongol empire, according to document 6, Persian artisans flourished. The artisans were creating constantly for the Ilkhanids who were patrons of the arts. Winemaking was thriving as the Mongols were great drinkers. The silk industry was boosted from trade with China, another part of the Mongol Empire. Pax mongolica, the peace presented by the Mongols, even declared cities and villages along the caravan routes tax free zones.

According to the map, Great Ages of Man: Early Islam, it shows how trade impacted the religion of Islam’s way of life and how it helped spread their culture, [Document A]. The map shows land and sea trade route, in 570, that were used to trade across the Byzantine and Persian empires. Another example is that, according to Desmond Stewart, “Vast camel trains, bearing spices, perfumes… ivory, silk, filled though the town headed north on the way from Yemen… to the markets of Syria and headed east from the Red sea across the desert to Iraq,” [Document A]. Trading was an easy and resourceful way to preach and inform people about Islam. Since, they traded with a wide variety of places they were able to spread the words of Allah to many time of people.

From Central Asia: Ferghana horses. From Africa: ivory, rhinoceros horn. From India: spices, Buddhism. From Europe: music, glassware.''This may not be all that they had traded, but we do know that they had traded and they had many, many different ways to trade with other civilizations, proving that they had goods to trade and that they would be able to prosper and sooner or later expand into a greater source of trading.That is how the Silk Road was, is, and forever will be legendary, it had goods for trading, it stored cultures, it connected civilizations, and it will and no matter what be the world's first ever super highway. So, the Silk Road was if not the best way to open up trade to the way it is today, it shows so much diversity in so many

The Silk Roads were prized trade routes that ran from Chang’an, China to Rome. They were active from 220 B.C.E. to around 1453 C.E. An abundance of empires and cities contributed to the large mass of trade that occurred across the routes. Regions that supplied items were the Roman Empire, China, Siberia and Central Asia, India, Middle East, and the Mediterranean. Elements provided through trade were glassware, jewelry, artistic items, perfumes, oils, spices, metals, and of course, silk. Material items were not the only thing traded, religions were also made extremely easy to spread since there was such easy access to people.

Trade routes(doc A) might have been the most important part of the quick spread of Islam because since they reached over from the arabian Peninsula to Asia in the east and Constantinople to the north. In this document it states that”....First it was at the crossroads of the lucrative(profitable) caravan trade.

Muhammad ibn Abdullah was from Mecca and was a merchant trader. Mecca traded a lot from north to south. However, Muhammad went to places like Medina to speak the word the word from Allah. Today Islam don’t trade as mush at they use to with other countries. Perfumes, precious metal, and vast camel trains are something’s Islam traded.

Mesopotamia has changed so much through each king/leader of their time. Later Mesopotamia during Hammurabi was changed significantly in many ways. The economic activity was good causing trade to grow and benefit the people in Babylon, and social status was restored. Hammurapi, or Hammurabi, centralized state authority using diplomatic and military skills to become one of the strongest kings in Mesopotamia (textbook pg 94). During this time, culture was very important to the people because they valued the oral tales and written records of earlier Sumerians and Akkadians. Therefore, scribes would copy the ancient texts and preserve their traditions for generations to come (textbook pg 95). Also, during Hammurabi’s time, there was a rise in the economy because people were able to pay taxes in form of commodities such as grains, vegetables, and wool, which the entrepreneurs exchanged for silver through trades (textbook pg 95). This was a great idea because the people were able to pay with their agricultural products, and the entrepreneurs can sell or trade it for silver. This had significantly create more revenues for the state causing trade to flourish during Hammurabi’s time. The

Ancient Persia learned to trade with other nearby lands that they have conquered. For example, Mesopotamia is known to be a rich agricultural land because of their flooding rivers Tigris, and Euphrates. Persia, because of conquering Mesopotamia, they had lots of wealth to do with as they traded along the rivers to grow their empire.