Enzymes Lab Report

Enzymes are biological catalysts. They are made in livings things built up by amino acids to make protein. Enzymes are able to speed up reactions and can repeat reactions.

The role of an enzyme is to catalyse reactions within a cell. The enzyme present in a potato (Solanum Tuberosum) is catechol oxidase. In this experiment, the enzyme activity was tested under different temperature and pH conditions. The objective of this experiment was to determine the ideal conditions under which catechol oxidase catalyses reactions. In order to do this, catechol was catalyzed by catechol oxidase into benzoquinone at diverse temperatures and pH values. The enzyme was exposed to its new environment for 5 minutes before the absorbance of the catechol oxidase was measured at 420 nm using a spectrophotometer. The use of a spectrophotometer was crucial for the collection of data in this experiment. When exposed to hot and cold temperatures, some enzymes were found to denature causing the activity to decrease. Similarly, when the pH was too high or low, then the catechol oxidase enzyme experienced a significant decrease in activity. It can be concluded after completing this experiment that the optimal pH for catechol oxidase is 7 and that the prime temperature is 20º C. Due to the fact that the catechol oxidase was only tested under several different temperatures and pH values, it is always possible to get a more precise result by decreasing the increments between the test values. However, our experiment was able to produce accurate results as to the

Lab six requires students to observe the effects of pH and enzyme concentration on catecholase activity. Enzymes are organic catalysts that can affect the rate of a chemical reaction depending on the pH level and the concentration of the enzyme. As pH comes closer to a neutral pH the enzyme is at its greatest effectiveness. Also at the absorbance of a slope of 0.0122 the enzyme is affected greatly. The pH effect on enzymes can be tested by trying each pH level with a pH buffer of the same pH as labeled as the test tube and 1mL of potato juice, water, and catechol. This is all mixed together and put in the spectrophotometer to test how much is being absorbed at 420nm. As the effect on enzyme concentration can be tested almost the same way. This part of the exercise uses different amounts of pH 7-phosphate buffer and potato juice, and 1mL of catechol mixed together in a test tube. Each substance is put in the spectrophotometer at a wavelength set tot 420nm. The results are put down for every minute up to six minutes to see how enzyme concentration affects reaction rate. The results show that the pH 8 (0.494) affects the enzyme more than a pH of 4 (0.249), 6 (0.371), 7 (0.456), and 10 (0.126). Also the absorbance is greatest at a slope of 0.0122 with test tube C that has more effect on the reaction rate, than test tube A, B, and D.

The Effect of Different Concentrations of the Enzyme Catechol Oxidase on the Rate of Benzoquinone Production When Mixed with Pure Catechol

Enzymes are a key aspect in our everyday life and are a key to sustaining life. They are biological catalysts that help speed up the rate of reactions. They do this by lowering the activation energy of chemical reactions (Biology Department, 2011).

Chemical reactions happen in every cell in an organism and enzymes are very helpful and sometimes imperative for these reactions. Enzymes are biological catalysts with the purpose of increasing the rate of reaction of the chemical reactions happening inside the body (Castro, 2014). Enzymes are typically proteins which means that they are made up of polypeptide chains which take their shape using hydrogen bonds. Enzymes work by optimising the conditions for a reaction to take place and it is required for some reactions to even be able to take place.

After incubating for the amount of time that was previously determined in Part I of Exercise 10, 5.0 ml of 5.0 N NaOH was added to each cuvette to stop the enzyme reaction. The absorbance of each solution was then measured and recorded. The concentration of the p-nitrophenol product was then calculated and recorded (Keller

Enzymes are biological catalysts, they have specific functions and structures that catalyze chemical reactions within the body. Without the catalysing of these reactions, they would happen inefficiently and too slowly to sustain life. (Science Museum, 2017) Each reaction needs small amounts of energy to get started, this is known as activation energy. To start a chemical reaction, an enzyme works by lowering the amount of activation energy needed.

In this experiment, the enzyme that was investigated was catalase. It was extracted from celery tissue and introduced to different temperature and different pH and observed its activity. Catalase is one of the most effective enzyme known and it is found in all living organisms. Catalase is so efficient that it cannot be saturated by hydrogen peroxide at any concentration (Matés,

Once we calibrated the spectrometer we then measured the absorbance of all the tubes at 15 minutes and repeated the same steps until we reached a total of 45 minutes. As we got our results we recorded each of the measurements onto a

Enzymes are biological catalysts for speed up chemical reactions. They can be lowering its activation energy to enhance reaction rate. Enzymes active site will only bind with certain substrates for chemical reaction to occur. In fact, almost all metabolic processes need enzymes for maintain fast rate for life in cell (Stryer L et al., 2002).

Introduction Background Information An enzyme is a biological catalyst. This means that it speeds up the rates of reactions, particularly those that are biological. The enzyme does not get used up in the reactions which it catalyzes. Instead, it remains unchanged such that it can be reused in similar reactions in the future.

Enzymes are a substance mostly known as macromolecular biological catalysts. These substances are produced by a living organism that kind of acts as a catalyst to bring a reaction to them. Enzymes have occurred more than 5,000 years ago, as humans stored milk in animal stomachs, which happened to contained enzymes that turned the milk into cheese. The process begins when substrates, the molecules in a cell, are converted into new different molecules from the enzymes, these are known as the products. Almost every single metabolic process needs enzymes in order to be able to sustain life.

Oxygen from the atmosphere will oxidize catechol, a colorless compound found in small concentrations beneath the surface of the plant, and produce benzoquinon if the inside of a plant is exposed to the air by means of cutting or bruising. Benzoquinone acts as an antiseptic for the plant and is the reddish-brown in color that appears in a bitten apple for example (“Laboratory Exercises” 84). Without this antiseptic, pathogens would collect and damage the tissue of the plant (“Laboratory Exercises” 84). Another product that is produced from the oxidization of catechol is water. The enzyme reaction can be described as: Catechol+1/2 O_2 →/catecholase benzoquinone+H_2

Enzymes are protein molecules produced by living organisms such as animals and plants which can be made up of one or multiple polypeptide. They are also known as biological catalyst they are recyclable compounds that are never consumed during a reaction. (Campbell,2015) Enzymes are also strings of Amino Acid that have a 3-D structure. To speed up a reaction enzymes act as catalyst and reduce the amount of time and energy required for this to occur. An example of one would be an elevator you can always take the stairs down but if you take the elevator you will use up a smaller amount of energy and waist less time. Without enzymes most chemical reactions in the human body would happen extremely slowly or not happen at all. We would not be able to maintain life on earth as we know it without these enzymes.