2.1.2 Epidemiology of cancer
Cancer is the leading cause of death in economically developed countries and the second leading cause of death in developing countries. Based on the GLOBOCAN 2008 estimates, about 12.7 million cancer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths are estimated to have occurred in 2008. The leading cause of cancer mortality in females is breast cancer, accounting for 23% followed by lung cancer and cervical cancer accounting for 11% respectively. Furthermore, estimates show that, the leading cause of cancer mortality in males is lung cancer accounting for 17% of the total new cancer cases and 23% in total cancer deaths. [2].
In the United States, there are estimated 1.3 million cases of cancer diagnosed each year showing about 570,280 annual deaths. The most commonly encountered cancers include those of the prostate, breast, lung, colon, and rectum. Lung cancer has shown increased fatality rate and is responsible for approximately 160,000 deaths each year in the United States alone. [3].
2.1.3 Triggering/ causative factors
The frequency and occurrence of certain cancers can be attributed to certain geographic distribution as well as risk factors such as sex, age, race, genetic predisposition, and exposure to environmental carcinogens. Geographic distribution and environmental carcinogens such as
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Virus-induced neoplasia may also be subjected to additional host and environmental factors that may modify the transformation process. Studies have shown that there are Cellular genes that are homologous to the transforming genes of the retroviruses, a family of RNA viruses that can induce oncogenic transformation
The CDC estimates that each year, more than eight million people are diagnosed, and consequently died from cancer, and this statistic was even higher in the 1950s. During this period, little was known of cancer’s effects on the
Cancer is a deadly disease that has some very serious effects on a person both physically and mentally. Cancer can result in a simple surgery that may take only a couple days, or a life-long struggle that leaves someone so fatigued and tired that it makes them want to give up. It will put fear in anyone's eyes and will devastate even the strongest of people, but cancer can bring out the courageousness in a person to fight this disease and not give up. It can be a fatal disease but it can also bring out the strength in someone which is an amazing thing. Cancer has many serious effects on a person's body and their mental health and others, but can also inspire a person to dig deep and fight this disease
Cancer is one of the leading cause of death in Australia and has a considerable social and economic influence on individuals, families and the community. Statistics shows that Australia has third highest cancer rate approximately 323 people being diagnosed per 100,000 in the world. (Begg & etal, 2007, pg.116). According to the recent disease study in burden of disease by WHO and Global Burden of disease study 2012, the findings of study showed 16% and 19% of the total disease burden in Australia (Moore & et al, 2007 pg.88)). Cancer is the sixth most expensive chronic disease due to the high expenditure of treatment and management compared to other chronic disease. It has been further described that approximately $4.5 billion were spent on cancer in 2008-09, accounting for 7% of total healthcare expenditure on chronic disease (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2013b, p.7) and 79% of total expenditure that spent on cancer patients who were admitted in hospital which is 20% more than the same expenditure that was spent on all
Scientists are sure there are many more they just have not yet been diagnosed. The cancers that are most common in women are breast cancer and cancer of the uterus. The cancers that are most common in men are lung cancer, prostate cancer, and colon cancer. Lung cancer kills more than 50,000 men a year. More men are likely to get lung cancer because in general men smoke more than women. Along with these leading cancers among women and men there are several other cancers that are common in both. Cancers of the colon, rectum, and large intestine kill more than 45,000 Americans a year (Altman and Sang 78). With numbers like that a person may begin to wonder if anyone survives the cancer
The leading cause of cancer death for both men and women in the United States and worldwide is lung cancer. Lung cancer is responsible for thirty percent of cancer deaths in the United States. The deaths caused by breast cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer combined do not add up to the deaths that lung cancer causes. In 2007, 158,683 people, 88,243 men and 70,354 women died from lung cancer in the United States (Eldridge, 2012). Out of the 158,683 people that died from lung cancer in 2007, 135,000 of them died of lung cancer caused by smoking cigarettes. The overall survival rate of those with lung cancer is at about fifteen percent.
Document A is mainly about how people are getting cancer and it also shows the rate of people that getting cancer and the number of rates that dying from cancer. Document B is mainly about whats causes cancer and things that can cause cancer would be food, drink, habit such as smoking tobacco and basking in the sun Document C. mainly talks about how you can prevent from getting cancer id by making sure proto oncogenes dont turn on by keep a healthy growth. Document D mainly talks about how employees who are accidentally or chronically exposed to carcinogenic agents are at risk of developing cancer Documents E is mainly talking about how when normal cells get turned into cancer some of the protons would change. Document F shows how the immune
Cancer is the main cause of death in the world, estimating 8.2 million fatalities in 2012 alone
There are over 14 million cancer victims currently living in the United States. There are over 1,500,000 new cases of cancer that occur every year. Cancer is the number two cause of death in the United States just behind heart disease. There are over 500,000 cancer related deaths in the nation each year. Lung and bronchus cancer are the leading killers with over 150,000 deaths a year. Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed cancer for males with over 220,000 cases a year. For females, breast cancer is the most diagnosed form of cancer with over 230,000 cases a year. These statistics were pulled from www.cancer.org. Current trends suggest that these numbers may continue along their present rate but over time improved treatments will shift the
Every year many people of different ages suffer and die worldwide from different types of cancers. An estimate made by the American Cancer society states that, in the US alone, in 2014 cancer killed 585,720 and lung cancer was responsible of 159,260 deaths (Deadliest Cancer Coalition, 2014). Lung cancer has become the leading killer cancer and finding better ways to treat it has become a priority for many researchers.
According to the Canadian Cancer Statistics (2015), “about 2 in 5 Canadians will develop cancer in their lifetime, and about 1 in 4 Canadians will die of cancer” (p. 6). In 1971, President Nixon and Congress declared a war on cancer. Since then, the U.S Federal government has spent over 105 billion on the effort. Dr. Spector and Dr. Kolata, a noted professor of medicine, pharmacology and biochemistry, have noted that since 1950, the cancer death rate, adjusted for the size and age of the population has decreased by only 5%. They argue that there has been little progress on the war against cancer.
The American Cancer Society states that cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. If the spread is not controlled, it can result in death (10). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cancer is the second leading cause of death. In 2002 alone, half a million Americans will die of this disease. Of this numerical figure, it is estimated that perhaps more than 1,500 individuals a day will die. In addition, one of every four deaths in America is from cancer (9).
The American Cancer Society informs us that 1.4 million new cancer cases are found each
Approximately 1,685,210 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in the United States (US) in 2016, equivalent to 192 new diagnoses every hour (Siegel, Miller, & Jemal, 2016). Although survival rates of cancer patients have been increasing, it is the second-leading cause of death in the US and leading cause of death in the world (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015; Davis, 2016). Siegel et al. estimates 595,690 individuals will die from cancer in 2016 in the US.
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with approximately 14 million new cases in 2012.2 The amount of new cases is expected to rise by about 70% over the next 2 decades. Cancer which causes nearly 1 in 6 deaths, is the second leading cause of death globally, and was responsible for 8.8 million deaths in 2015. Approximately 70% of deaths from cancer occur in low- and middle-income countries. In 2012 about 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred globally (not including skin cancer other than melanoma).3 The most common types of cancer in males are lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and stomach cancer.