Erik Erikson 's Social Stages Of Development

An individual is made up of his or her frames of reference. Our social interactions and beliefs are all a reflection of our surroundings, environment, things we hear, feel or touch. A frame of reference can simply be defined as “The context, viewpoint, or set of presuppositions or of evaluative criteria within which a person's perception and thinking seem always to occur, and which constrains selectively the course and outcome of these activities" therefore one can say, Gender, Age, Religion, Environment, Education, Occupation, Political Class, Family and Press are the common determinants of individual frames of reference.

This stage occurs within the first year of life and when the baby begins to develop feelings for its primary caregiver. If the baby receives consistent care and feels that their caregiver is reliable, then they will be able to feel secure. Succession of this stage helps the baby develop a sense of hope. By developing hope, the baby can stay positive whenever a crisis happens in their life. If the baby fails to develop this sense of hope, then the baby will learn to sense fear throughout their life. This type of fear will lead the baby to live a life full of insecurities and anxiety (McLeod, 2008).

The first stage is trust vs. mistrust, this occurs in the first year of life. Infants develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide them with their basic needs, but a lack of this will lead to mistrust. If this stage is successful, the infant gains the virtue of hope. When a baby cries and its mom doesn’t come immediately, it knows the mom will come eventually. If the baby doesn’t develop hope, it instead develops fear, a fear that their mom will never come when they need them. The second stage is autonomy vs. shame and doubt in 1 to 3 year olds. In order for the toddler to reach autonomy, they have to be allowed to investigate and do things for themselves. They will gain confidence and self-control and learn to handle their mistakes. Too much independence is dangerous though since they’re fragile and could get hurt, but smothering and limiting them too much will make them doubt themselves and feel that they are unable to do things. If they feel inadequate, they may become very dependent and lack self-esteem. Balance is key in this and many of the other stages for proper growth. If this stage is successful the child will develop the virtue of will. The third stage is initiative vs. guilt, this

Eric Erikson was one of the most famous theorists of the twentieth century; he created many theories. One of the most talked about theories is his theory of psychosocial development. This is a theory that describes stages in which an individual should pass as they are going through life. His theory includes nine stages all together. The original theory only included eight stages but Erikson‘s wife found a ninth stage and published it after his death. The nine stages include: trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. identity confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, integrity vs. despair, and hope and faith vs. despair (Crandell and Crandell,

Erikson’s eight stages of development are trust vs. mistrust, Industry vs. Inferiority and Identity vs. Role Confusion. Stage one is Trust vs. mistrust – birth to age 1- At this stage the infant learns to trust the caregiver to provide for their basic needs or develops mistrust. Stage two is Autonomy vs. shame and doubt– 1-3yrs- At this stage toddlers begin to express their independence by talking, walking, dressing, feeding, and toileting

20 is a strange age, you don’t have the excuse of being a teenager to fall back on but people still treat you like a child. Since high school, I’ve been interested in psychology, a topic many people engage in because as humans, we all naturally try to learn more about ourselves as a whole, but also as individuals. Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development mark the eight points people go through from infancy to elder hood. Based on Erikson’s theory, twenty year olds are at the end of adolescence where we wonder who we are and what we can be, as well as being at the beginning of early adulthood where we have formed most of our identity but are also now trying to find love and where we fit into the world.

In the social interactions the child starts to feel pride when they accomplish something and use their abilities. A child will feel pride when a parent or teacher comment on something they are doing well on. And the children that don’t get none or little encouragement from their parents or teachers or other children feel as if they don’t have any abilities and the doubt themselves about being successful. Psychosocial stage 5 is Identity vs. Confusion. At this stage if a child is encouraged and knows that they are good at what they do then that when they will show more strong sense of themselves. They will have that feeling of independence and they will also have the feeling of having control. The children that don’t understand or really unsure of their beliefs and desires they will remain confused until they understand. Psychosocial stage 6 is Intimacy vs. Isolation. This begins in the early adulthood like when they start to know what relationships is and being in relationships. They start to develop feeling and their relationship is committed and secure. More you are with that person more and more the senses become stronger that is important in a relationship. The people that don’t develop feelings for someone and don’t develop senses we be very emotional isolation and they will feel loneliness and depression. Psychosocial stage 7 is Generatively vs. Stagnation. This is when they are in adulthood and they are planning to build their life and their family

Successfully resolving this stage leads to the child developing the virtue of hope. The child will also develop “optimism, trust, confidence, and security” when they effectively complete this stage (Davey, 2014, para. 5). Failure to complete this stage will result in “insecurity, worthlessness, and general mistrust” to everyone around them (Davey, 2014, para. 5). This stage lasts from birth to 18 months (Davey, 2014). I think I successfully completed Erickson’s first stage. My mother and father provided adequate care for me. They provided comfort and the proper necessities for me to grow. I am optimistic and I generally trust others; I am not overly trusting to a point where I am naïve, but I have a sense of security within myself and the

Erik Erikson created a theory, in which he created eight stages of development based on Freud’s theory of development. The eight stages are trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, ego identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and ego integrity vs. despair. As someone develops in age, going through these stages, it increases in complexity. Erikson believed that each stage becomes a crisis that needs to be solved through self-discovery.

I vaguely remember studying Erik Erikson in school and your description of his psychosocial stages helped me get reacquainted so I thank you. His admiration of Sigmund Freud both helped and hindered his professional life (Boeree, 2006). The controversial man contributed to (Boeree, 2006). Erikson incorporates moral and civic character within each stage. Seider identifies a few traits as examples of moral character, these include: integrity, compassion, and respect. Civic character is defined as “the knowledge, skills, virtues, and commitments necessary for engaged and responsible citizenship” (Seider, 2012, p. 164).

I’m shore over time she will keep practicing and soon will be very good in her development, but for right now some recommendation i would have are since her social development show so much potential she is very outgoing and once she knows who you are she will start talking and interacting with you. The one area she needs help in is large group and sometimes small group discussions some suggestion I would give is maybe having some play dates with a couple of new people showing her she can make new friends and can get into the group's activities and talking when in a group. Another thing that could be done is having a little interview as a large group going around and asking question that way everyone in the class get to really know everyone

In Erik Erikson’s theory he explains that in every stage, a positive or a negative attitude is developed within an individual. During our developing stages we are either successful or we fail. Each stage will come to us whether or not we’re ready for them or not. You can think of the stages as learning stages where crisis occur .Only if we have learned from the previous crisis we are successful. You cannot avoid 1 stage and move to a next stage because of the developing process. The outcome of our lives depends on the way we chose to progress throughout each stage in life. Erikson had his own way in describing each stage in life that we all must go through.

Erikson developed eight stages of human development. Briefly I would describe all eight my I will concentrate on stages five and six which are adolescence and young adulthood. Myer describes the stages in the following manner. Stage one occurs during the first year This stage is called infancy (trust vs. mistrust) during this stage if needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust. The second stage is called the toddler stage (autonomy vs. shame and doubt). This stage occurs while the baby is two years old, in this stage toddlers learn to exercise will do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities. The third stage is called the preschooler between the ages of three and five (initiative vs. guilt). During this stage preschoolers learn to initiate

Erikson’s first stage was trust verses mistrust and it occurred from zero to 18 months of age. The point of this stage is to establish trust. Erikson believed this was the most important period in a person’s life. Since

The first stage is trust or mistrust. This stage begins from birth to one year, children begin to learn the ability to trust others based upon the consistency of their caregiver. If trust develops successfully, the child gains confidence and security in the world around him and is able to feel secure even when threatened. Unsuccessful completion of this stage can result in an inability to trust, and therefore a sense of fear about the inconsistent world. It may result in anxiety, heightened insecurities, and an over feeling of mistrust in the world around them.