Prevalence and Predictors of Underinsurance Among Low-Income Adults (2013) by Hema Magge, Howard Cabral, Lewis Kazis and Benjamin Sommer examines low-income adults and compares the rates of underinsurance with those who have public insurance versus private insurance. This research aimed to shift gears from more common research on underinsured middle-income individuals with private insurance to underinsured low income adults with public insurance. To begin measuring the rate of underinsured individuals, they defined underinsured as anyone meeting the following criteria;
“out-of-pocket expenditures greater than 10% of household income or 5% of household income for those with incomes below 200% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL).
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This research proved the significance of socioeconomic factors specifically income on the underinsured, it discussed how socioeconomic factors has affect health care when it is accessed. In Unhealthy and Uninsured: Exploring Racial Differences in Health and Health Insurance Coverage Using a Life Table Approach by James B. Kirby and Toshiko Kaneda, they measure the uninsured by analyzing racial ethnicity between blacks and whites. In addition to this, they wanted to measure how having health insurance would affect the health of the uninsured and how much age and race could affect how healthy they were. This research focuses on age, one of the factors I’ll be analyzing. One might believe that age differences don’t really affect health insurance but that is not the case in this study. One hypothesis they made in this study regarding age disparities was “Insurance coverage differs not only by race but also by age. Among the non-elderly (younger than 65), the proportion of individuals who are uninsured is the lowest in children, increases sharply until age 25, then declines thereafter” (Kirby & Kaneda 2010). This assumption was probably said due to the Affordable Care Act of 2010, that states children could have health coverage from there parent’s plan until they reach the age of 26. Researchers used the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) to have data on mortality rates
Q2-Evaluate Vegemite’s brand image based on the social media research undertaken by Talbot and his team .In light of these historic factors, Why did Talbot want to revitalize the brand?
Unlike the middle and poor classes, higher income earners are expected to pay greater sums of money as taxpayers to cover the expenses of treating poorer people. The number of services provided based on this increased payment is greater than what those covered previously received, though the services do not always meet the needs of the persons insured and rarely corresponds directly to the payment made by wealthier taxpayers. For example, the premium for people who are considered living beyond the poverty line is no more than 9.5% of their monthly income (Dunn 70).
emerge as a professional entity until the beginning of the 20th century, with the progress in biomedical science. Since then, the
Vulnerable populations is a term that creates an image of distinct and narrow-minded minority though the vulnerability of every individual to illness, disease, and injury has made health insurance necessary and probable for a huge portion of the American population. Vulnerable populations in the United States includes parents and children of immigrants, race/ethnic minorities, the disabled poor, the elderly, foster children, families ineligible for welfare, prison inmates and former offenders, children with special care needs, and residents of rural areas. However, the uninsured population has developed to become one of the vulnerable populations in the United States because of the risks and dangers associated with the lack of health insurance. As a result of the increased of the number of the uninsured, they have a huge financial impact on the vulnerable population.
Identify a range of interventions that can reduce the risk of skin breakdown and pressure sores.
In 2005, the federal government considered the poverty level as an annual income of approximately $20,000 for a family of four. If we consider families with incomes between 100% and 200% of the poverty level (between $20,000 and $40,000 annually), the rate of uninsured families is a staggering 33%. For families with incomes between 40,000 and 60,000 dollars annually, the uninsured rate is still about 16%. How do these figures translate into access to healthcare? In 2005, a survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that 31% of the uninsured had no regular source of health care, 35% postponed needed care due to lack of money and insurance, and 36% spent less on basic needs to pay for health care. Parents with children comprise about a quarter of the total uninsured population. Women are disproportionately represented – 20% of women ages 18 to 64 have no health insurance. That figure rises to 38% for Hispanic women. With such statistics, is it any wonder that we rank 46th in life expectancy and have high rates of infant mortality?
Before the Affordable Care Act, 50.7 million Americans (16.7 percent) were uninsured. The main reason for this was money. The majority of these uninsured American families simply couldn’t afford health insurance and those who did have insurance spent a good chunk of their income to pay for it. The percentage of Americans who were covered by employment-based health insurance (the most popular form of insurance at the time) was the lowest it had been since 1987 when the first statistics on
Many Americans have access to health care that enable them to receive the care they need. Other faces a variety of barriers that make it difficult to receive health care services. According to the National Healthcare Disparities Reports, racial and ethnic groups are disproportionately represented among the uninsured and lower socioeconomic status. The report showed that health insurance is a contributing factor for poor health for some of the core measures and little improvement (AHRQ, 2014).
In a study entitled " Who are the Remaining Uninsured and Why Haven't They Signed Up for Coverage?" there were factors identified that attributes to higher rates of uninsured groups. The factors are as follows: the ACA's exclusion of undocumented immigrants from the coverage expansion; the lack of Medicaid expansion in 19 states; less awareness of marketplaces in some demographic groups; concerns about affordability and eligibility; difficulty selecting plans during the enrollment process, and lack of assistance in selecting
Medicaid is one of the most widely acknowledged sources of health insurance coverage in the United States, benefiting over 48 million low-income children and parents (Hansen, 2012). It also supports those over the age of 65 who may also receive Medicaid. By providing essential health insurance protection, Medicaid supports the growing un- and under- insured population. This federal program for the financially needy is administered at the state level. Coverage varies and each state creates its own rules, typically offering support through county social services, welfare, or other department of human services offices (Goodman, 1991).
Comparatively, health care coverage costs more for the middle class and provides less coverage than that of upper class or poverty-level patients. “When insurance is offered, it is becoming increasingly unaffordable for
While the ACA has been successful in reducing the rate of uninsured, it has failed in a number of other areas. Data organized by age reveals significant problems when it comes to groups who are uninsured, we can see a stark contrast between age groups. Among the 15.7% of Americans that are uninsured, approximately 55.2% of those are comprised of Americans aged 19 to 34 years of age. This is relatively unsurprising as young people have always been less likely to purchase health insurance as the result of what many have described as some sort of invincibility complex. The data on uninsured Americans becomes truly interesting when analyzing the data as it relates to race and ethnicity. Whites compromise 64.3%
However, to qualify for Medicaid people have to meet the poverty line, which means that for a single person the poverty line is $11,770 and for a family of five members is $ 28,440 (ASPE). The issue with this is that if a family make $28,540 ( a hundred more above poverty line) it is not anymore in the of poverty range, but it cannot afford an insurance plan through Obamacare. Nationally, more than two and a half million poor uninsured adults fall into the “coverage gap” that results from state decisions not to expand Medicaid, meaning their income is above current Medicaid eligibility but below the lower limit for Marketplace premium tax credits. These individuals would have been newly-eligible for Medicaid had their state chosen to expand coverage (KKF). Some states that did not expand Medicaid are Texas, South Carolina, Tennessee, Florida, Utah, and Wisconsin
Westmount Nursing Inc. is a for profit chain with seven different nursing homes. It has a grown from a small few bed facility to a facility with 4 different divisions that made to help make seniors more independent. The Westmount Nursing Homes were in search for a chief executive officer and president, which was filled by Shirley Carpenter. After Shirley Carpenter came on to the company, many changes were made and implemented. Some implementations were successfully, but she was also challenged with many problems with the Union Federation of Nurses and the Board of directors regarding wages and total quality management implementation. My recommendation would be for Shirley to stop the implementation of total quality management and focus on
The United States is world renowned for having the best health care if not the most accessible. Citizens have at their disposal a plethora of hospitals, physicians, and therapists to improve their well-being. Statistical data was taken back in 2010 under the Central Texas Region and studied health care coverage and income in regards to the community. The data displayed in the surveys heavily suggest that income/ health in general have a high correlation. The issue that arose with the given data imply that those who are on the lower end of the income spectrum subsequently have no health care coverage and poorer health than those with higher income. In any case with high correlation there are a number of factors influencing the statistical evidence, and in this case sociological barriers are present in regards of inequality and health care.