Kazakhstan lies in the heart of Central Asia, occupying a small portion of the eastern segments of Europe west of the Ural River. The territory was conquered by Russia in the 18th century, and became a Soviet Republic in 1936. Since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Kazakhstan is led by Nursultan Nazarbayev and he remains virtually unchallenged. Born in 1940, Nazarbayev came into power in 1989 as the first secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan and was elected as president the following year, in 1990. His own Otan Party merged with the Asar party that was led by his daughter, Dariga, in 2006, and formed the new Nur Otan Democratic People’s Party. Many international observers and critics view this as a method to …show more content…
Similar to broadcast media, most print outlets are maintained by the government or groups in favour of the government, and do not include content critical of the country. In addition, the Kazakh government has full authority over the printing press and private media are often forced to rely on state subsidies because of the government’s restriction on advertising. As internet usage continues to increase, to 73 percent of the population in 2015, the Kazakh government continues to hold a majority stake in the country’s largest internet provider, Kazakhtelecom, and has implemented policies that ban politically affiliated websites, as well as social media, and blogs that condemn the control by the authoritarian Kazakh regime. During the time period between 2015-2016, large prison sentences were handed to social media users, which effectively declined internet freedom in the country. The introduction of the “National Security Certificate” allowed greater surveillance online. According to Amnesty International, prosecutors utilized the legal system to target individuals that practise dissent on the government. In a particular case, Yermek Narymbaev and Serikzhan Mambetalin were sentenced to respective prison terms for posting on Facebook parts of an unpublished book that was offensive to ethnic Kazakhs. The Kapital Newspaper of Kazakhstan reported that this detention by the Department of Internal Affairs was due to the spread of information regarding “inciting
Ukraine is granted a market economy status by the EU and USA. The sharp economic decline in the 90s resulted in deteriorating living standards for most citizens and widespread poverty. However, during the 21st century, there has been some positive economic growth in Ukraine, as well as Eastern Europe as a whole. Ukraine’s currency, the Hryvnia, was introduced in September 1996 and has remained relatively stable. The unstable political situation in Ukraine hardly influences its economic development. GDP has been growing steadily since 2005 at an average growth rate of 7% and industrial production has been expanding by 12%. The Ukrainian economy was hit by the harsh effects of the global financial crisis but managed to attain a 4.2%
The president of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, has created and/or passed certain legislations that furthermore limit freedom of citizens. One of them gives almost unlimited power to the government to restrict access to “harmful to children or extremist content.” Additionally, the president has been known for his encouragement of severe punishment of non-violent protests and direct criticism of his power. Some protestors on the Bolotnaya Square have been sentenced to years of imprisonment for protests that should have been punished with administrative fines for minor cases of “public misconduct.” The president’s superior power is not only against ordinary citizens but against some of the wealthiest people. One such case was with Mikhail Khodorkovsky, once wealthiest man in Russia, who was repeatedly sentences for years of imprisonment for new crimes, which seem to have few legal justifications.
Central Asia, an area for millennia dominated by the nomadic horse people, whom brought their beliefs with them. People of Central Asia believed in all kinds of gods in different ways as a result of their history. The most famous religions of Central Asia are Islam and Buddhism, and Christianity also has a long history in Central Asia. However, the religion has been changed over time and the existence of some religions are in danger such as Zoroastrianism and Buddhism. Zoroastrianism and Buddhism were prominent religions in Central Asia prior to the arrival of Islam, and the Islam religion is getting bigger in Central Asia. Why is it problem that Islam is getting bigger religion rather than others? Spreading specific religion means getting lose the other religion. The balance is important because the thoughts of people, and tradition, and culture is a part of culture, and it affects to thought in the area. Especially, young people are affected from the religion about education The young generation will make next generation; however, is it possible to stop the disappearance of one of the native culture, the religion? The period which people live changed that’s why the environment is also change. Even though the religion and people though has been changing, people can prevent the disappearance with their mind. From this essay, you can see why the religion has been
The history of the Soviet Union begins with the Russian Revolution of 1917. In February of that year the wartime decay of Russia’s economy and morale triggered a spontaneous popular uprising in Petrograd. This led to the imperial government of Czar Nicholas II being overthrown. After the formation of a provisional government, workers councils, known as soviets, began to sprout up throughout the country to protect the rights of the working class. This allowed the Bolsheviks (Communists) to arouse widespread interest in a socialist revolution. Eventually, in November 1917, the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin seized power from the provisional government. Finally, after securing power, the Bolsheviks officially established the Soviet Union
In the seventeenth century, the expansion of Russian peasants would spread into Siberia, changing the landscape and how it was separated. Valerie Kivelson's study of ignored Russian maps in the expansion of the early Russian empire is a major and important work for the comparative social history of migrations and empires in itself. In addition, explores both property and geographical mapping as indications of the distinct display of the Russian state and of the Orthodox faith. The use of maps was crucial for the Muscovy Empire’s complex formation of territories and responsibilities. Which brings back to light, Russian history from a geographical perspective and on how spatial thinking influenced how Muscovites understood and organized the world.
President Putin has control over all media in and out of Russia as he has shut down 11 of 12 media outlets in Crimea since March 2014. He does it in a matter that seems legal from certain stand points, the media outlets needed to apply for a
The Impact of Stalin on Russia and the Russian People Joseph Stalin was born to a poor family in the province of Georgia in 1879. Stalin's real surname was Djugasvili; he adopted the name 'Stalin' whilst in prison as he felt the translation 'Man of Steel' would help his image. Stalin joined the Bolshevik party as a young man and soon became an active member organizing bank raids to gain money for party funds; this led to Stalin's imprisonment a number of times. Stalin first met Lenin in December 1905 in Finland and was quite surprised to see him as an ordinary man unlike the person he had imagined. In 1918 Stalin was made Commissar for Nationalities of the Bolshevik party, then in 1922 he became
The Eastern European country chosen for discussion is Belarus. This paper will first discuss the transition from communism based on the experience of living under communist rule. Second, the significant historical factors from 1920-1991 that led to the fall of communism will be given and traced as to how they affected the process of the transition. Finally, the choices made by Belarus during and after the transition period will be traced back to historical and transitional factors that influenced them. Inarguable evidence will be noted throughout the paper to prove the need for transition from communism and the problems with the transition. The country of Belarus is still in transition. How
Forty-five percent of Kosovo’s population is in poverty, according to the World Fact Bank. Kosovo is a self declared independent country in the South Balkans in Europe, it wants independence, but Serbia believes that it is an autonomous province of Serbia. It declared independence in 2008 and there are a lot of reasons why, but there are also some reasons why it should be part of Serbia. Kosovo should be independent because Serbians have committed genocide against ethnic Kosovar Albanians, other countries have broke free from Serbia, thus Kosovo should be able to as well, and three out of the five members of the UN's “Big Five” are in agreement about the issue (UN.org).
Russia is a huge landmass and covers a vast amount of the earth’s surface area. Being so large, Russia contains a huge variety of different geographical features. There are several mountains, rivers, bodies of water, climate zones, and population centers in Russia. Most of the development in Russia is located in its core area, east of the Ural Mountains. There are several countries around Russia that used to be parts of a larger union called The Union of Soviet Socialists Republics, however, in 1991, the USSR broke apart into several other independent states. The new states that were formed are: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and
a whimper. In the 1980s, the Soviet Union saw the rise of a new generation
Education is important in many cultures because it gives an opportunity to gain the skill which is needed to navigate in the world. It plays a crucial factor in all countries. Also, it is important in the country like Kazakhstan which is developing. The education system of Kazakhstan has changed a lot from the USSR’s collapsing. It was improved and modified. However, the result of PISA ranked the knowledge of the 15 years old students to 49th in 2012 (PISA 2012 Results in Focus, 2014). The ranking shows the education system of school needs an amelioration. Therefore, the Kazakhstani government requested technical assistance to improve the nation’s educational system in 2011(PISA 2012 Results in Focus, 2014). In response, the World Bank Group launched the Joint Economic Research Program, or JERP, in order to enhance the quality of education. After researches there were provided additional technical equipment to schools but the method or approach of teaching was not changed. There is mistake that the way of teaching and requirements to teachers weren’t considered that could have improved the system. The method of teaching of successful countries should have considered and applied for Kazakhstani schools’ education. Therefore, this research was conducted in order to regard the gap. As an example country for application its experience Finland was chosen because Finland’s way has significant implication for reformer, especially those who is facing the same problems. Finland
In December 30th, 1922 was born the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The intention behind the founding of this association was to achieve an egalitarian, socialist state and where humble workers, a majority community, were able to gain control over the so-called "capitalists" who sought to keep them at their mercy.
When we hear the term Russian culture many Americans tend to have negative thoughts like the cold war, their government ruling with an iron hand, and the Red Scare. These thoughts do not do the justice to the Russian people or to their long history as a people dating back to INSERT DATE. One of the major themes throughout Russian history and this course is the idea that the Russian people value intangible things more than the tangible. The Russian people have a long rich heritage, they are deep in there Christian faith, and they pride themselves on hospitality and value there community, families, and fellow Russian people. They have learned how to sacrifice from the constant invasions and being forced farther and
Russia, known by most as the Russian Federation, is a federal state in Eurasia. Russia is the largest country in the world at 17,075,200 square kilometres by surface area, covering more than one eighth of Earth 's inhabited land, and the ninth most populous, with over 146.6 million people as of end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the East, with almost eight-tenths of the population living within the European region of Russia. Russia 's capital, Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe and the world. Its ohter major urban cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.