Essay On Lncrnas

Over the past decade breast cancer has become one of the most predominant diseases in the United States. Breast cancer starts out as a malignant tumor in the tissues of the breast which is formed from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal breast cells. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, but it can also appear in men. (Stephan, 2010)

It is estimated that 40,030 deaths from breast cancer (39,620 women, 410 men) are will occur in 2013. Breast cancer is second only to lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Breast cancer death rates have been decreasing steadily since 1989, rates decreased by 3.0% per year in women younger than 50 and by 2.0% per year in women 50 and older between 2005 and 2009. This decline is attributed to prevention, early detection, improved healthcare services and reduced use of MHT.

Generally speaking, throughout the United States, Cancer is a public health concern that has a significant impact amongst both men and women. At the same time, Breast Cancer indicates development of a tumor from cells in the breast known as a malignant tumor. Breast Cancer can begin at two different points, either the cells of the lobules, that are milk-producing glands, or the ducts, a channel draining milk from the lobule to the nipple (“What is Breast Cancer,” 2016). Specifically speaking about Breast Cancer among women, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2016), it is the most common cancer, regardless of ethnicity or race. Under those

Despite significant advances in research, Breast Cancer is still the most common cancer, affecting both men and especially women. In the US, 232, 670 new cases of invasive breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed along 62,570 new cases of non-invasive breast cancer in women and about 2,360 new cases of invasive breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in men in just 2014 .

Breast cancer is a leading cause of death of women, secondary only to heart disease. Breast cancer will affect one of every eight women or approximately 12% of the population. In 2016 there are 246,660 new cases of invasive breast cancer that will be diagnosed as well as 46,000 cases of breast cancer in situ in women. Additionally, there are 2,600 cases of breast cancer that will be found in men. Breast cancer rates have been decreasing since the year 2000. This is thought to be partially due to increased screening measures as well as discontinuing the use of hormone replacement therapy. There was as positive link established between hormone therapy

All around the world, breast cancer has become a huge issue and has effected many lives.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. In 2008, more than one million women underwent a diagnostic evaluation for suspected breast cancer. Approximately 182,500 women of the more than one million that received an evaluation also received a positive diagnosis (Montgomery, 2010). Risk factors linked to Breast Cancer include: gender, age, family history, prior breast cancer, previous biopsy, race and ethnicity, breast density, and long menstrual history because of prolonged hormonal stimulation. Modifiable related risk factors also include hormone replacement therapy, alcohol, weight, and physical

“About 1 in 8 U.S. women will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of her lifetime. About 40,000 women in the U.S. were expected to die in 2014 from breast cancer” (“U.S Breast Cancer Statistics”). Breast cancer is an issue that is affecting more and more women each and every day. There are plenty ways that technology and treatment has evolved to help detect breast cancer sooner. Because of the rise in breast cancer cases over the years, many organizations and resources have been created to help patients cope with this disease. Through breast exams, biopsies, different types of therapies, and places to turn to for help, breast cancer patients are able to let out all their emotional and physical struggles with having cancer.

This paper will explain to you an in depth description of an illness that has taken several lives: Breast Cancer. Not only will it inform you about what it is, but also how it is diagnosed, the process the disease goes through, what body systems are affected, signs and symptoms, how it is treated, and the prognosis. My information was located on the internet by using credible sources in order to create and accurate report over the illness. I used websites such as breastcancer.org and nationalbreastcancer.org for accurate results with credible sources. I selected this topic because I know of several women who have suffered from this disease. As a woman, I think it is important to be educated on this particular type of cancer since it is so common in women today. This paper will give an idea of how common it is and the risks every woman has of acquiring breast cancer.

According to Cancer council Australia, Breast cancer was the second most common cause of cancer death in women in 2012 whereas it is expected to be the 3rd most common cause of cancer death this year. In 2012, 15166 cases of new breast cancer were diagnosed whereas the estimated number of new breast cancer diagnosis in 2016 is about 16084 with 90% five year survival rate. ("Cancer Australia “, 2016). Breast cancer accounts 12.3% of all cancer diagnosis and 6.3% of cancer deaths in Australia. The diagnosis of breast cancer in men is low compared to women. (1 in 688 by the age of 85).

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the world. Though the unknown nature of breast cancer etiology is still on debate, there are numerous risk factors that influence the development of the disease including genetic, environmental, hormonal, sociobiological and physiological influences. The impact of breast cancer is deep in women diagnosed with the disease and their families with fear and anxiety over the eventual outcome of the disease manifesting itself through behavioral changes. The high incidence and mortality rates of the disease, as well as the high cost of treatment and limited resources available, put it clear that it continues to be a focus of attention for patients, families and relevant health professionals as well as policy makers.

Image 2 shows about one in eight women will develop breast cancer in the US during their lifetime. Based on statistics, estimates were made about breast cancer in the year of 2016. Nearly 246,660 women will be diagnosed with invasive cancer (American Cancer Society, 2016). There have also been trends that have been noticed in the past. From 2002 to 2003, breast cancer rates began decreasing and dropped by about seven percent (American Cancer Society, 2016). Breast cancer takes many lives each year. It is the second leading cause of deaths in women next to lung cancer (American Cancer Society). Although the death rate percentage has been decreasing. The reasoning for the decrease is finding the cancer in its earlier stages and treating it as soon as possible (American Cancer Society, 2016). Breast cancer can also be affected by the race of a person. In women under 45, African American women are more likely to die of breast cancer than white women(American Cancer Society). Women who are Hispanic, Asian, and Native American are at low risks of developing breast cancer. Breast cancer has affected many lives of people in the US. Though, there are new developments being made to reduce the impact of breast

Breast cancer is one of the most widespread cancers among women worldwide. In the US, it is the most common, and the leading cause of cancer related deaths among women between 45 – 64 years of age (Clegg et al., 2002; Ward et al., 2008). Early detection and improved treatment procedures have resulted in gradual decline in the number of deaths caused by the disease since 1990. Nevertheless, in 2009, the estimated death toll for the disease was 40,170 (American Cancer Society, 2009). The gravity of the disease therefore demands further research towards its early diagnosis, and for evaluating the prognosis of its course.

For mRNAs, functional annotation with respect to diverse protein databases, including GO, COG, KEGG, Swiss Prot, and InterPro, will be performed. lncRNAs analysis, including classification, miRNA precursor and target prediction, will also be performed. BGI has provided initial annotation of both mRNA and lncRNA that will be served as reference. One of the main focuses is expression validation that we plan to focus on. We will primarily employ the qRT-PCR approach but will also employ digital PCR to increase sensitivity and reproducibility.

Sequencing the exome of the cancer patients’ tumour would identify whether the growth, is originally due to oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes and then the treatment can be tailored to treat the specific needs of the patient.