The New World, Trade, and Slavery
The new world refers to America that was discovered by Christopher Colombus at the close of the fifteenth century. In that time, the Atlantic slave trade was already underway. Central to its beginning and steady momentum were Portuguese merchants who turned towards human trafficking for profit. Also, The discovery of America also led to the dawn of a great network of trade. In addition, other European powers such as the British, Spanish, Dutch, and French soon joined the trade. Accordingly, in the course of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the trade route assumed a triangular shape. European traders brought “textiles, rum, and manufactured goods” to Africa, they exchanged the goods for enslaved men
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According to Equiano, slavery is immoral and an infringement on the freedom of the slaves. Equiano discusses the brutality with which white masters in the British territories of the Caribbean handled their slaves. For instance, the punishment for an attempt to run away was having one’s leg chopped off, and African women doubled as sex slaves for their masters. On the other hand, , the whites implemented social hierarchies to ensure the inferiority of colored persons. Equiano’s bitterness over the “tortures, murder, and every other imaginable barbarity” that went unpunished because of the white peoples’ “impunity”. In the eyes of the white skinned men and women, colored persons were unworthy of liberty and other privileges. In conclusion, Olaudah Equiano’s experiences of as a slave in the New World and knowledge of slavery in Africa proved that the institution varied depending on the people. In fact, the origins, development and facilitation of slave trade was of great economic benefit to the parties involved but inhumane acts such as slave trade led to their decline and finally their
Before he was even taken aboard the slave ship, Equiano experienced the cruel and unsympathetic tactics of his white captors when his sister “was torn from [him], and immediately carried away” despite their pleas and ceaseless weeping (Equiano 46). Similar to the actions of Byrd, Equiano’s captors expressed little regard to the sentiments of African slaves, though it was undeniable that they, too, felt painfully real, human emotions despite their difference in skin color. Similar to Byrd’s account of inappropriate conduct between a young servant from the capitol, Equiano describes the brutality that many women faced, stating that “it was almost a constant practice with [the] clerks, and other whites, to commit violent depredations on the chastity of the female slaves,” even on girls as young as ten years old (Equiano 48-49). Equiano, unlike Byrd, shows remorse for his actions, admitting that “with reluctance, [he] obliged to submit to [these acts] at all times, being unable to help [the women],” unlike his white masters who assaulted their victims for their own gratification (Equiano 49). Similar to the exaggerated punishments distributed by Byrd to his slaves, Equiano recounts how whites staked a black man “to the ground” and cut his ears off “bit by bit” because he had had relations with “a white woman who was a common prostitute (Equiano 49). This horrific description shows the irony present present in interactions between white masters and black slaves when one race commits a crime against the other. It also displays the disregard shown to the pain tolerated by slaves at the hands of their
Slavery was created in pre-revolutionary America at the start of the seventeenth century. By the time of the Revolution, slavery had undergone drastic changes and was nothing at all what it was like when it was started. In fact the beginning of slavery did not even start with the enslavement of African Americans. Not only did the people who were enslaved change, but the treatment of slaves and the culture that each generation lived in, changed as well.
One of the most interesting arguments that modern apologists makes for the practice of race-based slavery in the Americas is the fact that slavery existed in Africa during that time period and that Africans were complicit in the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. What is fascinating about Olaudah Equiano's discussion of the Middle Passage is that, as a man who had been enslaved in Africa prior to being shipped as a slave to the Americas, he was in a unique position to describe slavery in Africa with his introduction to European-influenced slavery in North America. His perception was that the immense brutality of the Middle Passage foreshadowed the dehumanization of slaves in the Americas, which was more inhumane than the treatment he had received as a slave while in Africa. Furthermore, he did not suggest that this brutality was linked to the race of the traders, though that seemed to have been his initial impression, but to the nature of the Trans-Atlantic trade. Therefore, Equiano's writings suggest that shipping Africans across the ocean for slavery was part of the dehumanizing process that helped fuel the practice of slavery in America.
Slave as defined by the dictionary means that a slave is a person who is the property of and wholly subject to another; a bond servant. So why is it that every time you go and visit a historical place like the Hampton-Preston mansion in Columbia South Carolina, the Lowell Factory where the mill girls work in Massachusetts or the Old town of Williamsburg Virginia they only talk about the good things that happened at these place, like such things as who owned them, who worked them, how they were financed and what life was like for the owners. They never talk about the background information of the lower level people like the slaves or servants who helped take care and run these places behind the scenes.
The Life of Olaudah Equiano focuses on the various scenes to which Equiano or otherwise known as Gustavus Vassa was a witness too. Equiano’s story allows for an in depth perspective of slave trade and the way it functioned. Equiano takes the reader upon his journey as an African Slave beginning with his experiences in his native village, his numerous amounts of masters, cruelties and oppressions across the globe, and all the way to his success as a freeman. Equiano strongly focuses on the fact that almost every event in his life made an impression on his mind and influenced his conduct. Hence, making sense of the importance of his status and growth despite of his roots. Equiano always remained aware of his race and culture however he was in search of a freedom that no matter whom he was told to be his identity of obtaining this as well as soon gaining control of his own life always remained the same.
There are different experiences of the slave trade that are reflected in these documents such as those of an enslaved person (Olaudah Equiano), a European slave trader (Thomas Phillips – an English merchant), an African monarch (King Jao) whose kingdom and personal authority suffered from the slave trade, and an African monarch (Osei Bonsu) who opposed the ending of the slave trade. Of all the commercial ties that linked the early modern world into global network of exchange, none had more profound or enduring human consequences than the Atlantic Slave Trade. And in all these documents, we can see how people reacted differently to this system based on how they encountered it and how it affected them.
Just when the reader had thought it couldn’t get worse for the troubled boy, he aches, “we were soon deprived of even the small comfort of weeping together.” Even after he shares with us that he has been thrown in a sack and basically deprived of his basic human rights, this was a new rock bottom for Equiano. No love, no shelter, no family. It’s the horrible details Equiano writes about that gives the reader mental images of him being torn from his family and village and sold into slavery with his sister in North America and West Indies.
Olaudah Equiano’s “From the Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano” is written with the intent of ending the slave trade and aiding the abolitionists’ movement. His narrative tells his personal story of kidnapping, being sold into slavery and his experience in the middle passage. According to this account Olaudah Equiano grew up in Africa with a large family. He was captured and sold into slavery at age eleven. As an adult he became an opposing voice to slavery. This autobiography was published in Britain, with the help of abolitionists. This gives a purpose to Equiano’s writing and the purpose is shown throughout the text as Equiano tries to expose the evil of the slave trade.
In a world not fully discovered tou can only imagine the amount of cruelty that played a part in the claiming of In a world not fully discover you can only imagine the amount of protein that played a part in claiming of new lands, people, ideas, and products. 5 major empires that helped build the Atlantic world were the british,french,spanish, portugese and the dutch. With may of these empires at their peek or trying to reach it there was alot of labor that needed to take place. Most of the labor that was given was forced upon those who were less fortunate which at the time beingbwere africans. These laborers brung unimaginable wealth to empires but were treated as objects and their entire life were in the hands of their buyers. Its not clear exactly how and why something so cruel such as taking someones like and belittling it for labor reasons could have happened for so long. With my class notes and leads from the textbook it seems thst the forces tgat best explain the emergence of african American slavery in the new world colonies of Western Europe were the influences amd production pf the head empires. According to the class lectures west africa where the slaves had been cultured from was once rich and very populated. The trans-saharan gold trade was what made west africa rich and helped in the production of Mali, Songhai, and Ghana ‘s wealth. Despite their greatness they all declined in similar ways. Ghana fell first out of all three kingdoms. Ghana was invaded by enemy
Slavery has a lot of effects on African Americans today. History of slavery is marked for civil rights. Indeed, slavery began with civilization. With farming’s development, war could be taken as slavery. Slavery that lives in Western go back 10,000 years to Mesopotamia. Today, most of them move to Iraq, where a male slave had to focus on cultivation. Female slaves were as sexual services for white people also their masters at that time, having freedom only when their masters died.
Equiano, on a slave ship towards the West Indies, was on the verge of everlasting bondage. “In this manner we continued to undergo more hardships than I can now relate, hardships which are inseparable from this accursed trade. Many a time we were near suffocation from the want of fresh air, which was often without for whole days together.” (57) The conditions for slaves on these transport ships was horrendous, as those in charge cared little for the well being of these Africans. Equiano was unaware of what was to come, and fear lingered in his memory of this unforgiving experience. He explains the process of the transaction, “We were not many days in the merchant’s custody, before we were sold after their usual manner, which was: On a signal given (as the beat of a drum), the buyers rush at once into the yard where the slaves are confined, and make choice of that parcel they like best.” (58)
The changes in African life during the slave trade era form an important element in the economic and technological development of Africa. Although the Atlantic slave trade had a negative effect on both the economy and technology, it is important to understand that slavery was not a new concept to Africa. In fact, internal slavery existed in Africa for many years. Slaves included war captives, the kidnapped, adulterers, and other criminals and outcasts. However, the number of persons held in slavery in Africa, was very small, since no economic or social system had developed for exploiting them (Manning 97). The new system-Atlantic slave trade-became quite different from the early African slavery. The
The narrative by Olaudah Equiano gives an interesting perspective of slavery both within and outside of Africa in the eighteenth century. From these writings we can gain insight into the religion and customs of an African culture. We can also see how developed the system of trade was within Africa, and worldwide by this time. Finally, we hear an insider's view on being enslaved, how slaves were treated in Africa, and what the treatment of African slaves was like at the hands of the Europeans.
There has been much debate on the topic of slavery in the early times, although most of the countries considered slavery as a criminal activity. Some countries such as Myanmar and Sudan do not abolish it. They even expedite the slavery system. It is no doubt that slavery violent the human rights. However, it was commonly spread in the early times from 17th to 19th century. In this research, I will talk about the origin of the slavery, the reasons for people to becoming slave and the life of the slave.
Slavery in America stems well back to when the new world was first discovered and was led by the country to start the African Slave Trade-Portugal. The African Slave Trade was first exploited for plantations