Ethnicity and the Police Part I
Cheryl Cooper
March 24, 2014
University of Phoenix
Ethnicity and the Police
There are many views of how the criminal justice treats different ethnic groups. Some say that police are fair and they are just doing their jobs. Some people believe that it is the fault of the suspects that cause the use of force scenarios. There is a possibility of this, but then I question if this was true why these incidents are only happening to ethnic groups. Why are so many minorities being pulled over for stop and frisk situations, being killed, and overrepresentations in prisons? Not just young black males but men and women of different races. I grew up respecting the uniform, but over the
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Police even may aggravate an existing discrimination, though they seldom generate discrimination on their own. The intensity of community and police prejudice against minority groups depends on historical and social factors. A war or a warlike situation can provoke hostility toward certain immigrant groups or other minorities perceived as the “enemy. Such as, Japanese Americans due to WWII and Muslims from September 11, 2011. Another reason for prejudice is when the police department is made up of all White Americans and they are members of the Ku Klux Klan.
Benefits to the Police of Better Opinions and Community Relations
The U.S. Department of Justice, for instance, holds that “a diverse law enforcement agency can better develop relationships with the community it serves, promote trust in the fairness of law enforcement, and facilitate effective policing by encouraging citizen support and cooperation (Leitzel, J. 2001). Many Americans think it would be a good idea for the police departments to be a mixture of races so they would be similar to the city’s view.
Community policing was defined as “police officers working with community members to address the causes of crime and to prevent crimes from occurring, rather than just responding to crimes after they have occurred.” Officers and the community benefitted with improved attitudes
communities in order to achieve goals and avoid conflicts. Racism, discrimination, and miscommunication have been the cause of countless police/immigrant community confrontations, and that in return diminishes the chances of recruiting Asian-American candidates towards a career in law enforcement.
policies that are currently in place to reduce tension between police officers and the minority groups that they serveLaw enforcement officers and the community have been disconnected. Violence and brutality of any kind, particularly at the hands of the police who here to protect and serve our communities. When Ferguson, Missouri exploded after the police shot an unarmed black teenager, the tension between the community and its protectors was laid bare. Ferguson is not the first and certainly not the last community forced to bridge that chasm. In South Carolina a policeman shot an unarmed black male who was stopped for a seat belt violation. The cop asked the male for ID, who then reached under his seat to retrieve his wallet, but was shot in the leg by the cop before he could take out his ID. When the body cam video was reviewed it shows that the trigger happy cop probably was in fear of his life, however it is also obvious that the cop shouldn’t have felt threaten as the behavior of the black male involved nothing unusual. Many would say if the driver was white the cop would have not reacted the way he did.
Law enforcement and minorities have long been the focus of the criminal justice injustice within the United States. African Americans, Arab Americans, Asian Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic and Latino Americans are a number of communities in the United States along with Caucasian or non-minorities as a whole, which make up a large portion of the United States. Racial discrimination has been a large factor the criminal justice system has been plagued with for many years. In the book Just Mercy, authored by Bryan Stevenson, Stevenson details his life’s work to help those who were wrongfully convicted and biased towards in sentencing. A big part of the book is related to racial discrimination among officers. Analytically I will be looking at the question of whether the relations between the police and minority and non-minority communities differ. I will look at number of factors related to traffic enforcement practices, use of force and arrest of minorities and non-minorities in determining if there is any differences among police community relations.
Throughout the last one hundred and fifty years, there has been a history of tension and conflict between the police and minority communities in the United States. In principle, the police exist to enforce the law and protect all citizens regardless of race or ethnic background, yet police departments across the country have been repeatedly accused of targeting and harassing racial minorities, and of failing to root out racist attitudes and practices within their ranks. In recent years, high profile cases such as the beating of Rodney King in Los Angles and the assault on Abner Louima in New York have only served to heighten concerns over the mistreatment of minorities by the police, resulting in widespread calls for major legal and institutional reforms. The recent shootings of Michael Brown, Ezell Ford, Eric Garner, and Terrance Crutcher underscore the danger Black men and boys face when they cross paths with law enforcement officers. In the absence of a coordinated national strategy, state and local police departments have largely been left to develop their own solutions to the problems of policing minority communities and improving cultural sensitivity amongst their officers. Many departments have sought to reform recruitment and selection policies in the hope of attracting greater numbers of minority applicants, while others have instituted diversity training and education programs aimed at improving police understanding of minority cultures and communities. To date, however, these efforts have yielded mixed results. Some departments have achieved notable successes, but on the whole, relations between the police and minority communities across the country remain strained. of cultural diversity and the police.
"Relations between the police and minority groups are a continuing problem in many multiracial societies. Surveys consistently document racial differences in perceptions of the police, with minorities more likely than whites to harbor negative views." (Weitzer and Tuch, Race and Perceptions of Police Misconduct, 2004)
It is unfair to be biased and quick to misjudge minorities in America based on the actions of others who fall under the same ethnic or religious background. However these misjudgments occur countless times every day resulting in either physical or verbal abuse against these minorities, as well as encouraging stereotypical views. As odd as it may seem, many members of the police force target these minorities simply because they are not of the same race, gender, or religion. To be more specific African Americans, Muslims, and women are being abused both physically and mentally by intolerant individuals and the police force. Although in some cases an arrest is necessary, the excessive use of force against a person is not and is considered inhumane. Justice is still being sought for the people who have been mistreated and their stories will not be forgotten.
This particular essay will be about police brutality, and how it affects the black community more than any other. My position on this is that it occurs more than the news report them first thing I would like to say is that a lot of the times when this happens cops are never held accountable they are rather charged so the community will believe that they will actually get justice. The problem I have with this is that if effects more the African American community than any other, because some communities that African Americans reside in are sometimes bad and drug effected with this problem, it gives the police to the notion that they can actually get away with murder because there excuse sometimes will be that they are trying to get the drugs off the community.
In the aftermath of the Ferguson riots, FBI Director James Comey delivered a truly socially conscious speech, “The Hard Truths: Law Enforcement and Race.” Comey said, “At many points in American history, law enforcement enforced the status quo, a status quo that was often brutally unfair to disfavored groups.” He pointed out that police vans are still referred to as “paddy wagons,” a direct and bigoted slight towards Irish Americans. “The Irish had tough times, but little compares to the experience on our soil of black Americans,” added Comey.
Those of the minority community have been subjected, for many decades, to violence by those in law enforcement in the United States. This type of violence is a direct depiction of police brutality, which often leads to death. Police brutality has been an issue for many years, and it remains a major concern for those of the minority community.
Racism is an unpleasant defect left on the American people, a painful reminder of the gaping wound inflicted by the horror and inhumanity of the African slave trade that began in the 1500s. Although, there has been a great deal of proceed made in the century and half since slavery was officially disguised by the united states government in the form of Abraham Lincoln’s independence Proclamation in 1860, it has by no means disappeared. It still rears its distasteful head even today in myriads forms, including the snowball effect it has had upon many sides of the lives of black people even today. Although we now have many nationally visible black citizens and have even gone so far as to put a black president in the white house, we
A previous study examines minority police officer’s contribution to police-ethnic minority conflict management. This study talks about communications between police and citizens with migration background are prone to conflict. Police services are staffed with officers that have a family migration background so that way it will be easier to reach out to those types of families to let them know that they are not alone and that there are police officers willing to help them through anything. “Minority police officer’s conflict intensification can be framed as being a point of friction. We conclude that minority police officers are beneficial to police-ethnic minority conflict management and suggest continuous monitoring of minority police officers ' roles by police authorities.” This study has shown that police officers with an ethnic minority background significantly contribute to intercultural conflict resolution (Decker, C., & Kersten, J. 2014). These results from this study will show me the true significance of having minorities on the police force and what they will contribute to law enforcement and society.
Multiculturalism is as we discussed in class, “a range of cultures trying to live as one.” We today live in a very diverse, multicultural world that for the most part if very accepting. Multiculturalism does not necessarily just apply to race. The LGBTQ community, age groups and class is also be considered a culture that contributes to our society. Being that we are a very diverse bunch, our law enforcement officers should also represent that. Multiculturalism impacts the relationship with our law enforcement agencies because if there the agency itself is multicultural we can expect them to better understand us as the general public. When on call it could drastically change the direction in which it goes. If we have a law enforcement agency
In order to answer the question of whether or not police discriminate based on race, we would have to know exactly what police are thinking at the time of detaining, questioning or arresting an offender. An officer supplying this information without fear of disciplinary action is not something we could reasonably expect to happen. Police officers, much like the general public take account of visible characteristics of the citizen, whether or not they respond or behave different based on a specific attribute is what would constitute as racism. Black (1980), notes that discrimination in policing is unavoidable because police handle all cases differently. However, arresting someone based on race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status etc. is considered
The police should exercise their powers under Schedule 7 in a sensitive, well-informed and unbiased manner, these statistics do not constitute evidence that those powers were being used in a racially discriminatory manner. An emphatic dissenting note was sounded by Lord Kerr, who noted that discrimination may be on racial grounds even if it is not the sole ground for the decision. He considered that by authorising the use of a coercive power even partly on the grounds of race and religion, Schedule 7 “not only permits direct discrimination, it is entirely at odds with the notion of an enlightened
Those of the minority community have been subjected, for many decades, to violence by those in law enforcement in the United States. This type of violence is a direct depiction of police brutality, which often leads to death. Police brutality has been an issue for many years, and it remains a major concern for those of the minority community.