Black 21% 23% 22% 18% 12%
Asian 45% 35% 31% 35% 35%
Other 21% 23% 22% 22% 27%
Mixed/not stated 5% 11% 16% 14% 15%
While it remains essential that
The police should exercise their powers under Schedule 7 in a sensitive, well-informed and unbiased manner, these statistics do not constitute evidence that those powers were being used in a racially discriminatory manner. An emphatic dissenting note was sounded by Lord Kerr, who noted that discrimination may be on racial grounds even if it is not the sole ground for the decision. He considered that by authorising the use of a coercive power even partly on the grounds of race and religion, Schedule 7 “not only permits direct discrimination, it is entirely at odds with the notion of an enlightened
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Unusually, the arresting officer need have no specific offence in mind: it is enough, by section 40, for there to be a reasonable suspicion that a person is or has been concerned in the commission, preparation or instigation of acts of terrorism. A maximum period of pre-charge detention, in excess of the 96 hours allowed under PACE, applies in relation to persons arrested under section 41. Having fluctuated between 7 and 28 days over the currency of the Act, the maximum period (which is only rarely approached in practice) has stood at 14 days since January 2011 . Detention must be reviewed at 12-hour intervals during the first 48 hours; beyond that time, warrants for further detention must be obtained from court. Police bail is not available. The treatment of detainees is governed by special rules contained in Part I of TA2000 Schedule 8 and (save in Scotland) by PACE Code H. There are wider powers to take and retain identification data and …show more content…
A more eye-catching figure, often quoted by Ministers, is for “terrorism-related arrests”. 289 of these were recorded in 2014 (as against 223 in 2013, 258 in 2012, 170 in 2011 and an average of 216 since September 2001).122 As I have previously noted, caution is required in relation to these figures. But in 2014, 86% of those charged following “terrorism-related arrests” were charged with offences considered to be linked to terrorism, a substantial increase over the equivalent figure of 56% in 2013. They were focused on the last quarter of the year, which saw 46% of the arrests under TA 2000 section 41 and 37% of all the terrorism-related arrests. There was a large increase in the number of 18-20 year olds being arrested, which more than tripled from 15 in 2013 to 46 in 2014. Continuing a recent trend, the great majority (78%) of “terrorism-related arrests” were under PACE rather than TA 2000 section 41. This contrasts with the period 2003-2007, in which over 90% of such arrests were under TA 2000. Two possible explanations are increased use of holding charges (identity offences, benefits fraud, internet-related offences) while terrorist offences are investigated, and the advent of certain precursor offences under TA 2006 in respect of which the TA 2000 section 41 arrest power (which is limited to the categories of person specified in section 40) may not be
Bulsey & Anor v State of Queensland [2015] QCA 187 signified the requirements of legal justifications when conducting unwarranted arrests, and further expresses the importance of the right to personal liberty as it is ‘the most fundamental of the human rights recognised under the common law.’ It was evident to the Judges that at least one officer held reasonable suspicion that “the suspect” had committed an indictable offence, but the lawfulness of the arrest was inevitably questioned as to whether an officer with reasonable suspicion was the arresting officer. The judgements in favour of the appellants heightens the need for officers to use their powers within the ‘confines of the law’ when ‘forcibly arrest[ing] and detaining’ a person as to preserve the right to personal liberty, for once this right is left in the power of any authority, to imprison arbitrarily whomever they suspect, ‘there would soon be an end of all other rights and immunities.’
Imagery is a tool used by authors to paint a picture for the reader. The use of this tool allows for the reader to become enveloped into the story by using figurative language and visually descriptive terms to build on the reader’s own perception of the scene itself. This tool is important for enhancing the understanding of each involved character, the setting at which it would take place, the meaning of the story itself, and the themes involved with telling the story. In the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, imagery is used to create a vivid sense of place and person, and to deepen the readers connection to the characters throughout the novel. The novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, written by American literary author Zora Neal Hurston in
Preventative Detention Orders serve as a viable alternatives to judicial trials, by allowing Police to ‘detain or restrict the movement of individuals without charge or conviction’. External reviews of PDO’s by the Law Council of Australia has deemed these measures ‘justifiably balance security and civil liberties’ by prioritizing community safety over the presumed innocence of terror
Squealer uses propaganda in several ways. He persuades other animals to accept that the pigs will keep all the apples and milk. Squealer then tells them that he hopes they don't think the pigs are doing this to be selfish, saying that if that is what they think then they are wrong. Then he gives the animals another reason to accept the milk and apples by telling them the pigs don't even like milk and apples, and neither does squealer himself. His reasoning for eating them was to stay healthy for the purpose of others.
In December 2005 ‘Control Orders’ became part of the Commonwealth Criminal Code Act (1995) to assist law enforcement in responding to terrorism threats (The Counter-Terrorism White Paper, 2010, p 57). Issued by a court, at the request of the AFP, an individual could be prohibited or restricted in movement, for the express purpose of protecting the public from a terrorist act. Such restrictions may comprise of curfews, electronic monitoring devices, restrictions of telecommunications, specified reporting to police and other measures. Jack Thomas (August 2006) and David Hicks (December 2007) are the only two individuals who have been issued control orders in Australia by law enforcement. (Jaggers, B. April 2008). para 1).
Safety is a fundamental right that we all deserve. Most of us rely on the government to provide this security. We pay for this through taxes, but the question that we must ask ourselves is are we getting what we are paying for? By paying our taxes to the government we are giving it the authority to choose the service we are getting back. The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE) is an Act of Parliament which instituted a legislative
The use of racially bias policing isn’t a new phenomenon, however, there is very little data on its use and practice. A lot of that accounts for the fact that determining that a law enforcement officer used racial bias as a method to stop, question and frisk a person is substantially hard. Furthermore, racially bias policing has been an issue facing police since the creation of the first police agencies in the country and since the civil rights movement; however, the public has now become more aware of the phenomenon because of various accounts portrayed in the media; such as the death of Amadou Diallo in 1999.
Police agencies are becoming more accustomed to hiring police officers of all cultures and ethnicities. However, like most careers an individual will choose to pursue there is always the possibility of them being discriminated against. A common type of discrimination police officers face is one based on their race or ethnicity. An officer is likely might experience racial discrimination in the form of harassment in the workplace. An example of this is a co-worker using racial slurs or unfavourable remarks towards an individual. Another form of discrimination in the workplace is the degrading of an individual based on their race or ethnicity, suggesting that their race or ethnicity is what got them here and not their hard work.
Social psychologists have studied the cause and effect of biases, specifically by white police officers towards minorities. Implicit bias, specifically racial bias, describes a psychological process in which a person’s unconscious racial belief (stereotypes) and attitudes (prejudices) affect his or her behaviors, perceptions, and judgments in ways that they are largely unaware of and typically, unable to control (Graham).
There are many instances where minorities are not given the chance to prosper in American society. The same system that promises all men equal opportunity has turned its back in the face of minorities. We plan to examine some segments of this system, namely the media and the criminal justice system, exposing injustices burdening minorities in America.
When you think of the criminal justice system, you think of justice being served to those who wish to threaten it. The criminal justice system is a very powerful system that protects our society but like society, it is not perfect. The justice system runs off of discrimination against race and gender
Just what is racial profiling? Racial profiling is a law enforcement and security agency practice that encourages officers to stop, search, and investigate people based on race, ethnicity, nationality or religion. While racial profiling is most commonly committed against ethnic minorities, many instances of racial profiling occur in reaction to specific crimes, making any racial or cultural group subject to more intensive scrutiny by the authorities. (ebscohost.com) This is what I think bout racial profiling, it like it occurs when the police targets someone for investigation on the basis of that person's race, national origin, or ethnicity. Examples are the use of race to determine which drivers to stop for minor traffic
It’s crucial that police officers gather all the facts before making any rash decisions. Whether it’s a routine traffic stop or a full blow investigation the facts is what should determine the decision an officer makes. Often times implicit biases or stereotypes influence judgments through processes of misattribution and disambiguation. This can cause their decisions to lean more toward believing one side over another.
The uniform worn by a police officer often psychologically embodies each individual’s stereotype about the officer’s authority, status, and motivations. In this formal paper, will explore the cause of the negative perceptions that Canadian minorities have on police uniforms.
Forensic Scientists’ most prominent responsibility is to use their scientific examination skills to help solve crimes. The majority of their work is devoted to analyzing samples of DNA, blood, drugs, saliva, and more. These scientists are crucial to criminal justice procedures. Any evidence utilized in a police investigation could be contaminated tampered with, or destroyed without the help of forensic science.