EVALUATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROBLEM
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INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION
Introduction
Epidemiology is the branch of public health which attempts to discover the causes of disease in order to make disease prevention possible. Therefore epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of the knowledge to control of health problems. The focus is on epidemiology in public health, that is, its use as part of the wider process of discovering the causes of disease and preventing its occurrence in human populations. This study majorly is on varicella virus which causes chickenpox and shows its effects on children. Researchers conducted based
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Individuals who have suffered the chickenpox infection develop lifetime immunity as they are unlikely to be infected by it again. However, the virus remains dormant in the body and it can start reactivating later in life (Golas, Bennett, White, Skarf, Lesser, Nagel, & Gilden 2015)..
Signs and symptoms of chickenpox
It is important to understand that anyone who has not had chickenpox or received the chickenpox vaccine can be infected by the disease. Chickenpox infections usually do last a period of about 5-10 days. The common symptom of chickenpox is a rash that turns into itchy, fluid-filled blisters that in the end turn into scabs.
Other signs and symptoms, which may before the rash, include:
• high fever
• tiredness
• loss of appetite
• headache
Once the chickenpox rash appears, it goes through three phases:
•Raised pink or red bumps, which break out over several days. They may first shows up on the face, chest, and back before spreading to other parts of the body, which may include inside the mouth, eyelids, or genital area.
•Fluid-filled blisters, this forms from the raised bumps. They may take about one day prior to starting breaking and leaking.
•Crusts and scabs, which cover the broken blisters and take several days to heal.
Epidemiological studies published since 2000 which shown at least 50 cases of
Within a few days, sores (also called lesions) appear at the site of infection. Lesions can also occur on the cervix in women or in the urinary passage in men. These small red bumps may develop into blisters or painful open sores. Over a period of days, the sores become crusted and then heal without scarring. Other symptoms of a first episode of genital herpes can include fever, headache, muscle aches, painful or difficult urination, vaginal discharge, and swollen glands in the groin area.
After one to two days, sores may develop on the palms of your hands, the soles of your feet, and between your fingers and toes. In some cases, they also develop on the buttocks and genitals. The sores last for about three to six days and may be itchy and uncomfortable. They are smaller than chicken pox sores.
Impetigo can appear anywhere, but is most common on exposed areas of skin such as the face, around the nose, mouth and on the hands. Initially it appears as groups of thin-roofed pus-filled blisters which tend to break quickly to leave round oozing patches covered with crusts. The patches are small at first but slowly get bigger.
Varicella (chicken pox) and Herpes Zoster (shingles) are pathologies that in a sense go hand in hand; you can't contract shingles until you have had Chicken pox. Anyone who has had chicken pox is not guarantee to get shingles but is at risk as shingles is a painful localized recurrence of the skin rash, it could reactivate or remain dormant.
n those who are not vaccinated, symptoms would be fever and not feeling well for a day or two before pox begin to appear, usually on the torso, head or neck first. The pox will then develop into blisters that will eventually scab & heal. In vaccinated children who are susceptible, there may or may not be fever. When the pox appear, they will likely not ever develop blisters, so they don't look like the typical chicken pox, but the body distribution is the
Doctors believe xanthelasma shows up when the connection between certain cells inside your capillaries breaks. When that happens, cholesterol can seep out of the blood and into the skin area, where it forms those raised patches, says Adam Scheiner, MD, laser eyelid and facial cosmetic surgeon in Tampa, Florida.
These blisters usually just appear on uncovered skin, such as the face and hands, but can also be found anywhere on the body once they have taken root.
The next day the bump will become an ulcer. “An ulcer is a break in skin or mucous membrane with loss of surface tissue, disintegration, and necrosis of epithelial tissue, and often pus.” (ulcer).
Varicella is a virus that is caused by Varicella Zoster Virus ( VZV ) or also known as chickenpox. Back in 1875, Steiner proved that the virus can only spread through body fluids from other people who have the Varicella. People often did not know the difference between chickenpox and smallpox until the late 90’s. Every year there are about 3.5 million cases of varicella, 9,000 hospitalization, and estimated about 100-150 deaths. In order to prevent that from happening you may want to get the vaccine that saves about 100 deaths from happening.
The principle phase a solitary sore may appear, yet there might be numerous bruises. This sore is where the bacteria have entered the body. The sore can last up to three to 6 weeks before the second stage begins. Treatment during this phase may stop it from move to the next stage.
They will present as one or more tender red spots, lumps or pustules, which are centered on a hair follicle. Boils start out as red, swollen skin surrounding around a painful red bump on the skin. They will increase in size, filling with pus, and can grow as big as a baseball. A yellow or white tip will develop and rupture to drain out the pus.
Epidemiology is what advises people of new world epidemics and new health standards worldwide. Epidemiologist are well known for their ideal way to handle and control epidemics of the everyday modern world by conducting research and going through various experiments. Epidemiology was first well known in the mid-1800´s (1854) but is know to have existed for about 2,500 years
Chickenpox has quite the “spotty” history. Historians believe that chickenpox goes back into the time of the Babylonians. Around 400 A.D., the Persian scientist known as Razi, noticed the differences between measles and smallpox. “In the late 800's early 900's AD, Muhammad ibn Zakariya Razi, also known as Razi, recorded some of the first known information on chicken pox and noted the differences between measles and smallpox. Later in the 1500's Giovanni Filippo was able to give a more detailed description of chickenpox.” (History of Chickenpox) Studies began in 1875 by Rudolf Steiner to test to see if the virus was contagious. The experiment included extracting fluid from a chickenpox blister and the fluid was applied on the skin on healthy volunteers. When the volunteers
The following paper provides a detailed description of Chickenpox and the determinants of health contributing to the development of the disease. The
Epidemiology is a medical science discipline that arranges the structure for studying the distribution and determinants of health, communicable disease, and circumstances related to health status. The epidemiology research help to understand in what means a person catch diseases, the changes, and how the disease affect the population. The nurses that work with these communities to help identify the onset of communicable diseases determine new victims, the patterns it spread, the causes or preventive methods are known as community or public health nursing (Maurer, Smith, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to explain on the concepts of a communicable disease “Chickenpox” with its own unique epidemiology and nursing research to this