Examples Of Choice Blindness

This experiment was conducted by surveying ninety-six people, 48 males and 48 females, to complete a short survey. The survey asked them if they were color blind and whether they were male or female. They were then given five color cards (blue, green, pink, purple and yellow) and ordered the sample colors from their favorite to least favorite on a scale of 1-5.

Sherman et al. (2009) wanted to build off of previous studies, as their experiment was designed using the illusory correlation paradigm that Hamilton and Gifford (1976) had first proposed. Though the experiment was designed using this paradigm, Sherman et al. (2009) changed the number of participants in each group while maintaining the 2:1 ratio of group A (common) to group B (uncommon) members. They hypothesized that rare traits would be more apparent in the uncommon group, and common traits would be apparent in the common

A participant would arrive to the experiment, believing that they were participating in a “visual perception study,” and find 7 other participants already seated. However, these other participants were part of the experiment and their answers the key to the study. The volunteer would sit in the empty chair at the end of the row. Once seated the experimenter would reveal a pair of cards and ask the volunteer to determine which of the comparison lines is the same as the standard line. Starting at the far end of the row, on the opposite end of the volunteer, the experimenter asks each individual which is the correct answer. All give the correct answer. The experimenter changes the card and the process is repeated. However, on the next trial the other participants give the same wrong answer and the volunteer is left to decide whether to conform with the group and give the incorrect response or stand alone and give the correct one. Each volunteer participated in the experimental situation several

Chapter six “Perception and Individual Decision Making” I learned about the many different experiments of perception. “The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses, the normal limits to human perception” (Oxford University Press, 2015)

Change blindness is the incapacity to detect changes to a visual scene. Over the past decade, many researchers (Simons & Levin, 1997; Simons & Rensink, 2005) have studied and reviewed this phenomena among several experiments. Notably, these studies have given contribution to understand perception, attention, and awareness.

The experiment used the same red and green stimuli in each trial instead of other opponent colors such as black and white or blue and yellow. The small sample size studied could have also lead to random variation in the results.

Once in the room they were seated on an experimenter’s knee facing a screen. The screen in front of them would show printouts of Caucasian female faces mounted on cards. There was a total of eights printouts. Of those eight printouts, four were classified as attractive and four were classified as unattractive. When the printouts were shown to the newborn infants on the screen in front of them, it was required that the experimenter in front of them would turn their head away to prevent any of their actions to effect the newborns choice of which face to look at.

The survey had four images shown at a time. All images had the same WHR but different skin tones. The participants were asked to rate each image on a seven-point Likert scale (negative three being least attractive to positive three being most attractive) utilized by Brooks et al. (2015). This process was repeated for all four WHR from 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0.

The study conducted repeats the set up of others in which there are two control groups. In Dr. Weinstein’s study, each control group was given 4 sets of 12 people’s names attached to faces. Each group was told that they may or may not be tested after each set, with a definite test after studying all 4 sets. In reality, one control group was tested after each set while the other group was only tested on all 4 sets at the end.

Article 1: (Hopper, Huber, Finklea, and Winkielman; 2014) The article Measuring Sexual Dimorphism With a Race-Gender Face Space was about measuring the different degrees of sexual dimorphism within the faces of people who are both male and female and are of the Asian and Caucasian races. The study had contained a combined total of 162 participants. 33% were males, 67% were females where 33% of the study participants were Caucasian and the rest of the 67% of the study participants were Asian. All participants were undergraduate students from the University of California, San Diego. No ages of the participants were recorded during this study. During the first study, the participants took a series of photos where they had to rate the similar face pairs on a 7-point scale with 1 being “Very different” to 7 being “Very Similar” with a program called E-Prime. E-Prime is a psychological computer software program that creates computerized experimental designs, collects data, and does various forms of data analysis in a very simplified technique while providing defined timing to ensure the accuracy of the data that was being recorded. Within the second and last experiment, 24 “morphed” faces were created from the 40 photos from the first experiment. The 40 photos were morphed by using a computer software program called FantaMorph. FantaMorph placed the photos on a 2-D race-gender plane, which eliminated any potential correlation between race and gender. The results from all three

The hypothesis of the researchers used the abstract would distract participants from the face memory to enhance out group heterogeneity bias. The experiment included grayscale images of forward facing males. The images looked black and white photograph. The image was five inches tall and three point five inches wide. Four images were white men with neutral facial expression. African American men with neutral expression and four image with an angry expression .The participants watched the images which was presented one at a time. The order of the images were random. If the images were in the same order it would make it more memorable. Making the order of faces random prevented order effects from systematic errors could influence the results of the study one group viewed the image for half a second. While the second group viewed the image for one second. The third group viewed the image for four seconds. The researchers gave each group a different amount of time to view the image to vary the cognitive load. Next the participants watched a film of landscapes for five minutes. The film was used as distractions for the faces that was just seen. The distractor prevented the participants from

They begin by testing forty undergraduates, the control group, and sixty-one law enforcement officers, the experiment group, to determine if there is a difference in observation skills and change blindness rates. The two groups were in two separate testing sessions. The groups were shown a 2 minute, 44 second video clip from a police officer’s dashboard camera, where the driver exits his car and then the driver and the police officer leave the frame. When the driver and the police officer re-enter the frame, the driver is replaced by another man, very physically different from driver 1, in different clothing from driver 1. Upon completion of the film, the participants completed both open-ended questions, multiple-choice questions, as well as rating their confidence of their

In the first experiment there were ninety-nine judges that took park in the survey, they were recruited to take part in the research during a routine professional development seminar run by the Judicial Studies Committee. Everyone that participated in the study had at least ten years of experience as an advocate, solicitor, or lawyer as well as considerable court experience. The participants were given a survey that had multiple choice questions about eye witnesses reliability among other things. The questions had to be completed by circling their preferred response that had three answers as well as an option that said I don’t know. The results showed that judges provided responses that were consistent with expert opinion only 67% of the time. The lowest percentage of responses that were consistent with expert opinion was 40% with mugshot bias while it was also the section with the largest I don’t know answers chosen. There are many other results but they are just numbers about the other sections, you understand what the study is about with just that section of the

The variables used included stimuli with two levels fake and real. There are two dependent variables Beta is used to measure response bias; dʹ prime contains two levels percent error rate and correct response. Upon arrival, participants were seated and given a consent form. Once signed the participant was then placed into one of 5 rooms and instructed to shut off their cell phone and leave their bag outside the door. A script of instructions was read by the experimenter with the instructions also placed on the monitor screen. Two sample trials were presented before the stimuli and were initiated by the experimenter. The participant was asked what questions do you have for the experimenter. Once answered the participant was asked to begin and the experimenter shut the door. The stimuli contained 40 trials with 20 fake and 20 real smiles. After the stimulus was a survey that asked the participant how often they felt socially excluded and was measured with a Likert scale. After the screen then displayed a message thanked the participant for their participation. The experimenter then guided the participant outside of the lab and was thanked for their

Someone can think and make decisions in two different ways. They can subconsciously make decisions, like what toothbrush to use, or they can put thought behind a decision and then decide. The subconscious decision making is system one and the conscious is system two. By putting thought into the decision the person has to weigh pros and cons for possible outcomes. If I take the back roads to work to bypass the tolls will I be late to work? The decision maker needs to decide what is best. How late do they think they will be, by deciding to take the back roads? How much will the tolls cost? Could you possibly be stuck behind a school bus, or at lights if you take a back road? By weighing the options people can make decisions, but there might be factors, which sway the final choice.