Fannie Mae Case Study

One of the most prominent aspect of the Great Depression was that the people of United States lost confidence in the banking system and the banking crises of the 1933 followed. Until 1930s, unregulated banking system existed with the notion that increased competition would make the market more efficient increasing the consumer choice base and thus would promote resource allocation and growth. Since people at that time weren’t too supportive of centralization, there was division of power and all the states and regions had their own banks to mobilize resources and carry out investments. This led to increasing competition to attract the same resources which escalated the rates offered to depositors and induced lenders to invest in high return, high risk areas. As a result, the financial system became fragile and there were frequent mortgage

In the lead up to the current recession, when the real estate market began to fall, there were so many investors shorting stocks and securitized mortgage packages that were already falling, that the market simply fell further. There were no buyers at the bottom, and the professional investors made millions off of the losses of others. Beyond this, there was no real federal regulation for securitized mortgages, since there was no real way to gauge the mathematical risk of any given package. This allowed the investors to take advantage of the system and to short loans on real people’s homes. Once these securities were worthless, many of the homebuyer’s defaulted on their mortgages and were left penniless. No matter from which angle this crisis is looked at, the blame rests squarely with the managers who began the entire cycle, the ones who pursued the securitization of mortgages. Their incompetence not only led to the losses of Americans who have never invested in the stock market, but to losses for their shareholders.

On June 27, 1934, President Franklin Roosevelt signed the National Housing Act, with the goal to improve the housing standards and conditions, as well as provide a mutual mortgage insurance system. It came at a time when at least half of the nation’s home mortgages were in default, millions of people were losing their homes, and the construction industry was halted. This law in turn created the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). The FHA set standards for construction and underwriting, and it provided mortgage issuers, such as banks and private lenders, a federal guarantee of repayment. The purpose of this was to revive mortgage lending for house construction, home improvement projects, and home purchases. Not only did the FHA’s program

Real estate finance in the modern community is changing the perspective of modern lending and purchases. It is a means to contemporary community’s ability to develop a foundation for discussing the nature and means of public spending and purchase. As a self-government sponsored agency, Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) also known as Fannie Mae works with the ultimate responsibility of lending and buying secondary mortgages in the market (Oesterle, 2010). It helps in the conservation of interest rates in the real estate business in the contemporary community. There is also the need for focusing on the impacts of the Fannie Mae on real estate finance. The approach of the Fannie Mae helps lenders to use the money gained from the secondary

"The Wall Street Journal" found that the current bond yields were 0.20. These bonds are issued by the US government. In view of the fact that Fannie Mae Securities is a mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA. We have observed that Fannie Mae and Treasury yields are somewhat different because FNMA Personal Securities and Treasury bonds are issued by the US government. Therefore, we note that there should be some difference between the two rates. As a result, Fannie Mae gets money from investors and financial institutions and sells their mortgages.

Was the U.S. federal government’s 1932 intervention in the market for home ownership desirable? How did the creation of Fannie Mae in 1938, Ginnie Mae in 1968, and Freddie Mac in 1970 expand homeownership and shape lending practices at banks and other mortgage lending firms?

The barriers to enter seems to be on the medium scope of the analysis and this is because to enter the mortgage market there are many regulations set by government and other institutions to guarantee the clarity and transparency of the loans. Also, to enter this specific market there is the need for high capital investment which in todays economic is hard to achieve.

During the great depression in 1934 many people didn’t have jobs. Not having jobs meant that it would be awfully hard for them to obtain a loan from banks in order to purchase homes. The government decided to help the American people by creating the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) which basically stepped in and allowed banks to offer mortgages to more people with the promise that the banks would get their money back. The FHA finances itself with insurance premiums that they charge borrowers as well as interest that they receive on reserves. They use these funds to underwrite more loans which helps out people with their mortgages.

A generation ago, lenders held onto mortgage loans until they were repaid, and retained a relationship with the borrower and an interest in their financial wellbeing. That changed considerably at the start of the 21st century. The modern, high-risk mortgage market gained its first head of steam in the 1990s, and its origin lies primarily in a string of deregulatory policy decisions over the last three decades. High-risk lending passed through two boom periods, the first one in the late 1990’s as well as the larger, second one in the 2000’s. The first boom was marked by a surge in subprime refinance lending. The second included both subprime home purchase loans and refinance loans and they grew rapidly after 2001 (Marcuse, 2009, p.351). Together a new class of alternative or

Federal regulators noted a growing string of high profile scandals at major U.S. corporations in recent years. The number of fraud cases investigated by the Securities and Exchange Commission jumped 41 percent in the last three years (112 cases in 2001 compare to 79 cases investigated in 1998), resulting in tens of millions of dollars in fines to settle the charges.

The U.S. subprime mortgage crisis was a set of events that led to the 2008 financial crisis, characterized by a rise in subprime mortgage defaults and foreclosures. This paper seeks to explain the causes of the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis and how this has led to a generalized credit crisis in other financial sectors that ultimately affects the real economy. In recent decades, financial industry has developed quickly and various financial innovation techniques have been abused widely, which is the main cause of this international financial crisis. In addition, deregulation, loose monetary policies of the Federal Reserve, shadow banking system also play

Government’s backing of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac has enabled these corporations to engage in more risk than necessary. During 2003, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had a combined outstanding debt that was equaled 39 percent of the total outstanding U.S. public debt (Thomas, 2008, p. 1). GSEs misuse resources by implementing risky investment strategies and taking on excessive risk that

And the other causes are securitization practices, inaccurate credit ratings, government policies, policies of central bank and financial institutions debt levels. Securitization is structured finance process in which assets, receivables or financial instruments are acquired, pooled together as collateral for the third party investments( Investment banks). There are many parties involved. Due to the securitization, investor appetite for mortgage-backed securities (MBS), and the tendency of rating agencies to assign investment-grade ratings to MBS, loans with a high risk of default could be originated, packaged and the risk readily transferred to others that began in 1970. Now things start to get complicated. Pieces of mortgage-backed securities can be inserted into new investment vehicles, with a remarkable result: investments originally rated as risky can re-emerge rated as safe. This can be done when An investment bank creates a new security from risky slices of multiple securities. In

In relation to the increase in house’s price, the rise of financial agreements such as mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized debt obligations (CDO) encouraged investors to invest in the U.S housing market (Krugman, 2009). When housing price declined in the U.S, many financial institutions that borrowed and invested in subprime mortgage reported losses. In addition, the fall of housing price resulted in default and foreclosure and that began to exhaust consumer’s wealth and

The security of mortgages since the late 1980’s meant that the mortgage debt has been recreated to provide the third parties, a flow of income which includes the investment banks.