Fascism : An Authoritarian And Nationalistic Right Wing System Of Government And Social Organization

The primary ideology of fascism, founded by Benito Mussolini, is nationalism: They believe that their nation (of which fascism is incorporated) is above all, and is the most worthy thing one could fight for. In terms of foreign affairs, the fascist nation should always be put first. Within a fascist country, the people are obligated to be obedient to the state and that the state should have complete power, as the good of the nation is held above the good of individuals. Militarism is also valued by the fascist ideology as a strong military represents strength within rule and enforcement. Furthermore, fascism is openly anti-democratic as it equates a nation to the majority, thus lowering totalitarian control and power. In addition, fascism believes all classes within a country should collaborate for the good of the nation, therefore opposing the ideology of communism. However, as fascism was enforced by both Italian and German governments, the differences between the two remain existent. As Italian fascism deems true to traditional values of nationalism (in terms of acquiring Rome), it is not valued as radical if compared to Nationalism Socialism (Nazism), a profound form of fascism. Unlike Italian fascism and emphasis on the nation, Nazism comprehends the nation and race as inseparable, stressing white supremacy and the philosophy of the Aryan Race. The rejection of the concept of race is what primarily differentiated Italian Fascism and Nazism, as Mussolini never fully

Late 19th Century Germany was a time seemingly stuck between two worlds – the past and the future – and this period’s amount of rapid growth and change ultimately resulted in the decimation of German society as was known. This collapse allowed a river of hatred to flow in its place, known as Anti-Semitism. Based on the primary and secondary sources discussed in and out of class, I believe there are three main reasons why such a horrendous belief system infiltrated 19th Century German society: conflict between urban and rural populations, rapid freedoms granted to the media, and the ignorance of German politicians who unknowingly or not, pushed political extremists’ agendas.

When looking at the nature of fascism, we have to look to how it originated. The social strata in the inter-war period and its structure and general opinion were a product of both direct factors and long-term factors. The 19th century was the century of the Liberalism as ‘the ideology’ in juxtaposition to the form of governance of the absolutist monarchies

Fascism, before its rise to power in 1922, was an amorphous collection of often contradictory influences, ideologies, and backgrounds. World War I provided ties between the hyper-masculine and hyper-violent ideals of the movement. The growth of Fascism was slow immediately after the war, but that time was when many of the institutions of Fascism were founded. After 1919 through 1922 Fascism grew even more, but contradictions remained. R.J.B Bosworth argues in his book, Mussolini’s Italy: Life Under the Fascist Dictatorship, 1915-1945, that the early period of fascism was defined by earlier movements, the glorification of war, nebulous ideologies, slow growth, and contradictions.

Benito Mussolini, an Italian Politician and the leader of The National Fascist Party, had his views and ideologies solely set on the practice and lifestyle of a fascist. The rise of fascism and Mussolini's political takeover occurred as a result of Italy’s scrambling economy, plagued with riots, inflation and unemployment. Mussolini argued fascism as the most beneficial political party for Italy and claims it was based off of concepts of holiness and heroism. As the popularity with Mussolini's new political party grew, so did his dissatisfaction with opposing parties, such as pacifism, socialism and liberal democracy.

In the years after the chaotic “war to end all wars”, fascism rose in Europe as a cause of economic and political stress. Fascism is a form of government led by a dictator who had complete control over the country. At the time, it was intriguing, since governments seemed to collapse as a result of opposing ideals. In Germany, the Weimar system was ineffective due to the different parties in the Reichstag. Germans were not ruled by laws but by orders issued by the president. Italy was also struggling for control, adding to the political turmoil. Due to the world war, there was an economic crisis that led to hyperinflation in Germany. During the inter-war years, fascism appealed to Germans and Italians due to promises of improving the economy, military strength, and the government.

This cultural form of nationalism was also infused with political goals as both documents attempt to establish a political system comprised of, and working for, the members of the state. The evidence shows that these cultural definitions of citizens were used as a tool to exclude, as evident in the Nazi’s demand to stop immigration. These aggressively nationalistic documents combine the cultural aspects of cultural nationalism, and the political aspects of nation building in order to propose the creation of a new, culturally based, and exclusive

Fascism was introduced during World War II, and without no doubt, the ruthless war lasted from 1939 to 1945. It extended across Europe, Eastern Asia, and the South Pacific Ocean, the Idea of fascism spread like wildfire. It rose up under new leaders with a new type of government policy/form – that eventually caused the collapse of some nations, for example Germany and Italy. Fascism grew because of extreme nationalism, fear, and government control, but failed due to absolute power of one man and its aggressive nature, and lack of organization. “There is nothing more powerful than an idea that has come into its own”, said Benito Mussolini. Benito Mussolini was the founder of the Fascism idea, an idea that harmed many individuals "Fascism is reaction, “Said Benito Mussolini, author of The Doctrine of Fascism, but the reaction to what?

Fascism came into the consciousness of the Italian public at a time of considerable political unrest, and many have argued that its popularity came from a need for a strong Nationalist government rather than any firm belief in its ideology. In 1921 the country’s new electoral system was showing considerable flaws, as Philip Morgan explains: “An electoral and parliamentary system based on limited suffrage, and fixing of elections and trasformismo could not reflect and represent divisions and conflicts within the Nation as a whole”. Due to this dissatisfaction towards the political system, many began to turn to more radical movements, including the Communists and the recently formed Nationalist parties ( such as Fascism). This led to the Fascist party holding 36 of the electable positions within the political coalition, and by the ‘March on Rome’ in 1922 the PNF was one of the most popular parties in Italy under Giobertti’s government.

Fascism itself rose in the wake of an Italian generation spent and proved by war, refusing to continue political at least with anything relevant of the past. Though by the time this document had been written, the fascists had already assumed power of the state, and had since 1922; lacking however, was an overall and cohesive united identity to put a face on, or coherent ideology of the movement itself. It was clear then that the National Fascist Party headed by Benito Mussolini could not govern effectively and prove capable of without such a consensus that this document could

John Maynard Keynes claimed ‘[The] German empire has been built more truly on coal and iron than on blood and iron.’ Germany’s economy is one that has had a mixed effect on both the politics and culture of Germany. Throughout its history it has experienced huge economic growth and profound economic failures. German politics also followed a similar fate. However, these changes were important to leading Germany into new grounds and new problems, the most significant of which includes, what some describe as an inevitable dictatorship of Germany. For many years the rise of Nazism has been put down to the idea of the Sonderweg, a ‘special path’ which would lead Germany through a change between both authoritarian and democratic rule. It is also believed that it led Germany to war and conquest - such as the need for Lebensraum which developed after Bismarck’s Unification of Germany and later during France’s invasion of the Ruhr in the early 20th Century. Moreover, the Sonderweg builds on the idea that National Socialism was a continuation of previous German history; that a German dictatorship was inevitable. ‘Germany did not embark on a straight or undeviating special path towards aggressive nationalism and political dictatorship after 1848. There were to be many twists and turns along the way.’ Although the Sonderweg provides an acceptable basis in which the Nazi’s were able to come from, it does not explain how their aggressive policies existed in Germany, were their support

As you can see, from 1920 to 1941 it was not a good time for many countries, like Germany, Italy, and japan. They all had leaders that were leading to fascism in their countries. In Germany they had Hitler killing many people, in stay they had mussolini, and in Japan they had the ultranationalist. In all of these countries there were bad things going on and fascism played a big role in these three

Fascist ideology was defeated after World War II. Denazification showed Germans, fascism, and racial superiority could not take on the democratic ideology. In the case of Italy, it lost before the war was finished since most of the fascist Italians turned on the government and joined the invading U.S. forces and others. The ideology of Fascism believed in a nation of superiority. In terms, the nation is referred by a group of people who are put together by race, ethnicity, or culture. Mussolini (1932) rejected anyone who was outside of the state. During the Depression, Fascism brought a sound economy to Italy, but in return lose some freedoms. The Fascist party lost popularity when they took sides with the Germans. The Germans slowly started

The rise of radical nationalism in Germany during the Post-World War One, can be determined as the only possible result of the repressive pressures that they had borne, and the rise of Hitler was only made possible because of it. Radicalization is often seen as a response to internal and external repression , frustration and injustice, and manifests itself in societies usually that creates the grounds for such discontent.

Fascism began in Milan, Italy in the early twentieth century. Fasci di Combattimento, or Fighting Bands, was the right wing, nationalist group of veterans and revolutionaries that helped commend a centralized government under the leadership of WWI veteran, Benito Mussolini. After the Great War between major forces: Britain, France, the United States, Russia and Italy against: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire; countries were left devastated. Economic, and social turmoil were some conditions that arose in response to the war making it difficult to restore homelands. In Italy, citizens felt a major loss of nationalism when it was duped promised land by the