Abnormal Psychology
Research paper
Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) is a musculoskeletal illness (which causes chronic pain) and a chronic
Fatigue disorder. It can also change sleep patterns and cause the following: digestive disorders, chronic
headaches, painful menstrual periods, temperature sensitivity, morning stiffness, numbness or tingling
of extremities, and even cognitive memory problems. The name fibromyalgia comes from "fibro" in Latin
meaning tissue, "my" in Greek meaning muscle, and "algia" meaning pain. Because symptoms are wide –
ranged and studies for treatment of FMS did not begin until the 1980's, it is one of the most popularly
misdiagnosed conditions in the medical world. The main symptoms are
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Like many other chronic pain syndromes FM has no single specific feature, but represents a symptom complex of self-reported or elicited findings. (Clinical management of fibromyalgia: An update: page 109) The treatment of Fibromyalgia should be viewed as a “team approach”. Most chronic pain does not respond to drugs and may require an aggressive use of no pharmacological therapies or “the rehab approach”. This includes a lifestyle change, physically, mentally, and emotionally. This approach should include use of a physician, occupational therapist, physical therapist, massage therapist, chiropractor, an acupuncturist and any specialists, such as a Rheumatologist. (Mondell, D. L., &ump; Wright, P. (2005)) Psychological counseling is recommended early after receiving the diagnosis of Fibromyalgia. Mainly because it takes many years of visiting doctors and having tests results come back negative that an individual will begin to think this is “all in their head”. Then when finally a diagnosis is given like Fibromyalgia and they are told that “the cause is unknown, the treatment is unknown and there is no cure” can be hard to accept. It is recommended that the patient’s loved ones attend sessions, because they, too, will find it hard to understand the diagnosis. In 2007 pregabalin became the first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug for the treatment of FM. Pregabalin and its precursor gabapentin play an important
acute pain-a protective mechanism that alerts the individual to a condition or experiece that is immediately harmful
SUBJECTIVE (a description of the problem in the patient’s own words): ARTHRALGIA-means joint pain. (Sited from Acquiring Medical Language by Steven L. Jones and Andrew Cavanagh)
Diagnosis of FMS is often very difficult. There are many different symptoms that seem to be unrelated. Some of the symptoms such as fatigue overlap with many other diseases. A patient will often have to visit many different doctors before being properly diagnosed. Also, there currently is no lab test to rule whether or not a patient actually has FMS. As physicians become more aware of the disorder and its classic symptoms, it will be easier for them to diagnose it. Still, many other diseases and disorders must first be ruled out before the patient is diagnosed as having fibromyalgia. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) has established some criteria for diagnosis: more than three months of muscular pain and tender points, there must be pain in all four quadrants of the body (top, bottom, left, right), and there must be at least eleven tender points (the ACR has established eighteen of these points). (Source 1)
A physical barrier may be an increased likelihood for people who experiences fibromyalgia having impaired fine motor control, decreased increased tone which can in turn affecting their gripping strength (Watson, Buchwald, Noonan, & Ellenbogen, 2009). Ruby sometimes experience difficulty with fine motor control as she could drop plates without being aware of it. Ruby experience spirituality through getting something out of volunteering as it was her occupational engagement. Working provide motivation and reinforce her a sense of purpose and meaning (Johnston & Mayers, 2005). Therefore volunteering work enables
She is oriented x3, alert, cooperative. Good short-term, long-term, and intermediate memory. No aphasia. Normal fund of knowledge. Normal attention and concentration.
Fibromyalgia has been described as a full-body migraine. Another common explanation is to compare everyday life with FMS as being similar to the aches and pains associated with a severe
If one does though happen to experience the pain from FIBROMYALGIA, it is described as deep-aching, radiating, gnawing, and shooting ranges from mild to severe. FIBROMYALGIA sufferers tend to have pain that weakens through out the day gradually. The pain often increases again during evening at the worst and in activity that is cold, damp weather, which results to stress and anxiety.
Have you ever wondered what fibromyalgia is or how people living with it felt? People with fibromyalgia experience pain in ways no one else can really understand. Fibromyalgia is no mystery and it is caused by biofilm bacteria. Fibromyalgia is characterized by widespread of musculoskeletal and chronic pain disorder that causes pain and tenderness throughout your entire body. I effects people physically, mentally, and socially. The pain experience is described as deep muscular aching, shooting, throbbing or stabbing pain. It can occur in people of all ages including children and there is no cure for fibromyalgia but the pain can be controlled by a variety of medications. Fibromyalgia is one of the most common chronic pain conditions. It effects more than 5 million people in the United States, mostly women have it but men can have it to.
Exercise is considered an important part of fibromyalgia treatment. According to studies, children who exercise and have fibromyalgia experience less pain. They are also less likely to experience depression or anxiety. Physical therapy can help improve the child's ability to exercise and work through the muscle soreness. In some cases, medication may be given to help with depression and pain. Currently, the efficacy of drugs for children with fibromyalgia is
“Fibromyalgia is a disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep, memory and mood issues. Researchers believe that fibromyalgia amplifies painful sensations by affecting the way your brain processes pain signals (Mayoclinic Staff, 2015).” There are several theories as to why this pain continues to exist post treatment. Researchers have postulated that this disease process amplifies painful sensations in your brain, others retain that it acts like an arthritic condition as it degrades the joint capsule and most soft tissue within. These patients can display a wide variety of symptoms ranging from sleep problems and fatigue, to pain and muscle spasms and or muscle
"Approximately 10 million Americans (2-4%) have Fibromyalgia with a ratio of about 8 to 2, women over men." This is a ratio that has been found by the National Fibromyalgia and Chronic Pain Association. Fibromyalgia is a disease that affects the body in many different ways. It comes with pain in the muscles, ligaments, and tendons. Along with chronic muscle pain, it also comes with fatigue, sleep problems, and painful trigger points. Although many doubt a diagnosis of Fibromyalgia, it is a real disease affecting so many people. This confusing diagnosis leads to daily struggles like fatigue, pain all throughout the body, and even depression from time to time, affecting not only the victim of the disease, but also the people around them.
Generally, the first point of call would be a general practitioner who would more than likely refer you to a pain management expert who will recommend a couple of courses of treatment which might include physiotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids). These are identified to help with pain, irritation, swelling and stiffness. There are diverse physiotherapies for fibromyalgia treatment in Delhi at PHYWorld including TENS therapy which aids in relieving localized pain, tender spots and musculoskeletal pain diseases. Massage is another wonderful option that is advantageous in promoting optimum healing by improving the circulation of blood across the tissues to augment retrieval and offers symptomatic relief. Physiotherapy exercises are useful in improving the muscle functioning and freedom of
It is unfortunate that nearly two-thirds of PMDD sufferers do not get the treatment that they need (2). Some believe that it is just mother nature working and that every woman will experience symptoms similar to PMDD in her lifetime, so why label it a disorder. "Having a period is no different than having a bad hair day! So get
Chronic Pain is an interesting problem in society today. The exact cause of Chronic Pain is not the same in every patient. In fact most patients present with different symptoms and associated pathologies, such as the strong link with depression. Treatment of Chronic Pain is often performed a single practitioner whether that be a Medical Doctor, Chiropractor, Nutritionist, or an alternative health care professional. Chronic Pain is often extremely complex, because of this treatment needs to be multidimensional. Effective care of Chronic Pain requires the collective cooperation of health care professionals
FMD was first reported in the United States in 1870, and since then there has been 8 other reports of the disease. In 1914 the disease was first introduced in Michigan, where it then dispersed to 22 other states including the