Ch.1 financial intermediation results from economies of scale and the specialization of financial transactions. (banks, inv. companies [mutual & pension funds], insurance companies, credit unions, brokerage firms, investment banks). Inv. banks assist firms in raising capital, create the market for innovative new securities that meet the risk and return demand (CMOs, collateralized mortgage obligations – derivative security that separates the cash flows of a mortgage pool into different classes with different maturities and risks). risk and return are the most important characteristics of financial assets. Another is tax. (high tax-bracket investors would, other things equal, would prefer tax-exempt securities [municipal bonds]). …show more content…
spreads are commissions to dealers. dealers are called a specialist (one security, one dealer) in major exchange markets [specialists only sometimes act as a dealer, but primary job is to execute limit orders that investors submit. some trades are executed inside the quoted ask and bid prices; this occurs when two brokers agree on a price without the specialist directly involved.], or market makers (one security, many dealers) in the OTC market. commission is another transaction cost. Some on-line brokers have lowered the commission rate and partly profit from “paying for order flow” (the practice stating that brokers may be compensated by specific dealers by directing orders to these dealers). buying on the margin is borrowing money (a broker’s call money) to buy a security. margin is the ratio of net worth [(total security value – amount borrowed)/total security value]. SEE TEXT FOR EXAMPLE OF HOW TO COMPUTE. short-selling is (borrowing and) selling a security that an investor does not already own. Short seller must purchase the security later to replace the shares that were borrowed. short sales have some restrictions: 1)up-tick rule (short sales are allowed only when the most recent price change was an increase); 2)investors must put up margin as collateral and generally are not allowed to use the sale proceed until the shares are replaced. Important regulations: 1)SEC ensures all relevant facts are disclosed; 2)circuit breakers (trading halts
1. The sociological perspective, as a way of thinking about the world, includes the sociological imagination from C. Wright Mills, the beginner’s mind from Bernard McGrane, and the idea of culture shock from anthropology. Explain what all three of these concepts have in common.
During the Late Kaskaskia (Cratonic Sequence 3), what type of deposition predominated on the craton?
1. Shame is the soul-deep belief that something is horribly wrong with me that is not wrong with anyone else in the entire world.
Although he was a patient man, he found he would often lose his temper with bus drivers.
The other financial intermediaries include insurance companies, mutual funds and pension funds. In Japan, banks provide more financing than other financial intermediaries do. In the U.K., other financial intermediaries provide substantially more financing. In the U.S., banks are less important sources of financing compared to financial intermediaries. While in Europe, financing provided by banks and financing provided by other financial intermediaries are approximately equal.
5. What command would tell the system at which runlevels to start analyzed? Pg 430
82. Oxidation occurs when there is a removal of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms from a
There are various categories of banking; these include retail banking, directly dealing with small businesses and persons. Commercial and Corporate banking which offers services to medium and large businesses (Koch & MacDonald 2010). Private banking, deals with individuals, offering them one on one service. The last category is investment banking. These help clients to raise capital and often invest in financial markets. Most global banking institutions provide all these services combined. With all these institutions in existence within the same localities and offering similar services, there is a need to regulate the industry so as to protect the consumer and provide fair working environment for all banks (Du & Girma, 2011).
Besides the president having too much power another thing that has the American people buzzing is bureaucracy. Bureaucracy is a hierarchical authority structure, in which power flows from the top down and responsibility flows from the bottom up; it uses task specialization so that experts instead of amateurs perform technical jobs; and it develops extensive rules, which may seem extreme at times but which allow similar cases to be handled similarly instead of capriciously (Edwards, Wattenberg, & Lineberry, 2008).
No matter what your business is, the number one thing that drives a firm to success is quality products or service. Growing sales is easier when quality remains consistent. Improving quality will raise your employees’ engagement because people like being on a high-performance team. Here is a list of five tips to improve:
The investment banks, and subsequent stock brokerage firms, was regulated by the Security and Exchange Commission. The banking entities, in this portion of the financial sector, were used to dealing in high risk business that were structured on the business’ equity and debt capital, instead of the commercial banks’ deposits of customers. The activities in this sector of the financial system were underwriting stocks and bonds, insurance markets, the investments in subprime debt markets and mortgages.
A: Most investments in the economy would fail to take place if there were no financial institutions because many independent investors do not like to take large amounts of risk. By utilizing financial intermediaries, which are “organizations that receive funds from savers and channel them to investors,” people are given peace of mind in knowing that their source of money/investing is more stable and accounted for. Those who apply this principle also value the liquidity, or convertibility, that financial institutions provide in the case of emergency or cold feet.
COMMON SIZE IS – Base is NET Sale (sale – excise duty) COMMON SIZE BS – Liability + SE Tools used in FSA Comparative analysis: Evaluation of consecutive financial statements to examine direction, speed, & extent of any trend(s) Common size analysis: Evaluation of internal makeup of financial statements, and/or financial statement accounts across companies Common size income statement as a percentage of revenue Common size balance sheet as a percentage of revenue Ratio analysis: Evaluates relation between two or more economically important items. Prior Accounting analysis is important Interpretation is key Categories of financial ratios Profitability Measures the company’s ability to generate profits from its resources Activity
List of abbreviations List of tables Acknowledgements Abstract 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Introduction Problem statement Objectives and hypothesis of the study Literature review Structure and performance of the financial sector in
A financial intermediary, by definition, is responsible for the process of transferring money from economic agents with a surplus of funds to economic agents with a deficit of funds, and is known as financial intermediation. This is achieved by means of a financial security, such as stocks and bonds. The mechanism that allows the trade of such financial securities is known as a financial market. Financial markets aim to facilitate the raising of capital, as well as the transfer of risk between economic agents and also international trade. Typically, the borrower will issue a receipt, or financial security, to the lender that promises to pay back the capital gained. Securities such as these can be freely bought or sold within financial