CHAPTER 1
AN OVERVIEW OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Forms of business organization Answer: c
[i]. Which of the following could explain why a business might choose to organize as a corporation rather than as a sole proprietorship or a partnership?
a. Corporations generally face fewer regulations. b. Corporations generally face lower taxes. c. Corporations generally find it easier to raise capital. d. Corporations enjoy unlimited liability. e. Statements c and d are correct.
Firm organization Answer: a
[ii]. Which of the following statements is most correct?
a. One advantage of forming a corporation is that you have limited liability. b. Corporations face fewer regulations than
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Corporations and partnerships have an advantage over proprietorships because a sole proprietor is subject to unlimited liability, but investors in the other types of businesses are not. e. Firms in highly competitive industries find it easier to exercise “social responsibility” than do firms in oligopolistic industries.
Miscellaneous concepts Answer: e
[x]. Which of the following statements is most correct?
a. One advantage of organizing your business as a corporation is that your shareholders are not subject to limited liability. b. Restrictive covenants in debt agreements are an effective way to reduce agency conflicts between stockholders and managers. c. Managers generally welcome hostile takeovers since they often increase the company’s stock price. d. Statements a and b are correct. e. None of the answers above is correct.
Partnership form Answer: d
[xi]. Which of the following statements is most correct?
a. In a partnership, liability for other partners’ misdeeds is limited to the amount a particular partner has invested in the business. b. Partnerships must be formed according to specific rules that include the filing of a formal written agreement with state authorities where the partnership does business. c. A fast-growth company would be more likely to set up a partnership for its business organization than would a slow-growth company. d. Partnerships have
| A sole proprietorship is easy to create; there is minimal creation cost and time.The single owner has autonomy in decision making; sole owner makes all decisions related to the business and has complete ownership of business’s finances.
A corporation is a separate legal entity that possesses distinctive liabilities and privileges than that of their members or shareholders. As an investor, a corporation’s advantage is liability for their own investments especially in risky investments (Kubasek, et al., 2012, p. 760). Among the various types of corporations for Betty to select from, an S corporation is an enticing venture for new entrepreneurs given that it grants limited personal liability for debts, sharing of corporate profits, and taxation relief. Double taxation is a main disadvantage of C corporations but not for S corporations. The General Corporation Law (Corp C §§100-2319) treats S corporations similarly to partnerships for taxation purposes.
Corporations have their pros and cons. The pros of a corporation include the liability of the corporation instead of individuals, corporate taxes rather than personal taxes, the everlasting nature of a corporation, and the capital corporations make on the stock market. The cons of a corporation include the costs of incorporating, dealing with shareholders, and double taxation.
SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP: Sole proprietorships are the most common form of business in the United States. You and your business are one in the same. While being your own boss as its advantages, like working your own hours and collecting all profits made by the business, there are some disadvantages. For starters is coming up with starting working capital. Most Sole Proprietors have to seek funds from other sources.
Many believe that liability is a biggest issue in a general partnership than in a sole proprietorship. The owners of the company are still fully liable for any debts the company may accrue as well as the liability for any lawsuits that may be brought against the company. However, the bigger issue in a partnership is that now each partner can be liable for the other partner’s actions. If one partner is sued for malpractice, the other partner may suffer because of it.
Liability: The owner/operator of a Sole Proprietorship is subject to full and unlimited financial liability for the business. The owner and the company are legally the same entity. The company’s assets are legally the same as the owner’s personal assets.
The running and operation of businesses poses the risks of loss and liability in the case of tort negligence or breach of contract. However, the business legal structure of a given organization greatly determines the risk of exposure to personal liability (Bevans, 2006). The paper investigates and compares the risk of exposure to personal liability in five business entities and explores how the risk can be mitigated. Business personal liability risk is classified as limited and unlimited. In unlimited liability, the personal assets in addition to business assets can be seized (Hillman & Loewenstein, 2015). Limited liability as seen in limited partnerships, corporations and limited liability companies significantly reduce the risk of exposure to personal liability. Opening a limited partnership in addition to taking insurance to protect the business offers the best chance of averting the risk for personal liability risk (Schich, 2009).
a) Under the corporation, the owners have limited liability. Therefore, the owners of the corporation are not personally liable for the company’s debts. Sole proprietorship; on the other hand, the business owners are personally responsible for the business debt if the business doesn’t generate enough money to cover expenses.
The advantages to the sole proprietorship are single control over the business and its decisions, easy to start up, less regulations and paperwork burden that the other types of business. The disadvantages are unlimited liability for their company debts and actions. The law does not recognize any distinctions between the owner’s business assets and personal assets. Banks are very skeptical about lending to these types business because there is only one person to hold liable for repaying the debt.
limited liability, lower taxation than C corporation, potential to maintain significant control of the enterprise
These businesses can increase large capital sum as there is no limit to the number of shareholders.
Liability exposure within multiple businesses, There are personal risk of exposure to liability this is considerably high; the sole proprietor assumes unlimited personal liability for the breach of contract lawsuit and, under this business entity, puts all personal assets at risk for the sake of the organization itself. Liability had to deal with certain responsibilities of one party or a group of an organization that deal with financial compensation. A sole proprietorship is a business or business owned and operated by one individual ((Mancuso, 2014).
Like a sole proprietorship, a general partnership is the de facto legal entity when two or more people decide to start a business and take no other affirmative steps to establish an alternative entity. For example, an alternative legal entity could take the form of a limited partnership, a limited liability company, or a corporation. However, establishing these entities requires the owners to prepare and file relevant legal forms with state agencies.
Financial advantages to a sole proprietorship include all the profits belong to the owner of the business minus taxes, social security and Medicare paid out. Some proprietors have higher credit ratings because both the business and personal assets stand behind them. Lack of restrictions and freedom to run your own business and for some may need to get