Focal Seizure Research Paper

Seizures or epilepsy are brain disorders where the person has repeated convulsions over a period of time. They’re episodes of disturbed brain activity that cause changes in attention and behavior. Seizures are considered the most common observed neurological dysfunction in children. They are very sudden intermittent episodes of altered consciousness lasting seconds to minutes and include involuntary tonic (stiffening of muscles) and clonic (altering contraction and relaxation of muscles) movements.

Seizures are defined as “paroxysmal, uncontrolled electrical discharge of neurons in the brain that interrupts normal function” (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Butcher, & Camera, 20011). Seizures can be caused by various things from head trauma to a disease process. There are several types of seizures. These include absence partial and generalized seizures. They can also vary in intensity ranging from mild to full blown. Seizures can cause severe complications and should be treated or the cause of the seizures corrected. (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Butcher, & Camera, 20011).

Seizure are uncontrolled or sudden abnormal electrical activity in the brain which causes abnormal motor and sensory activity and where the patient becomes unconsciousness. It is caused by the depolarization of the neurons. Any changes that takes place in our body that may be internal or external it can easily stimulate the irritable neurons. Seizure last for a second or a minute, in which the neurons stops unexpectedly. The pattern of electrical activity or brain waves during a seizure can be seen in EEG, by knowing what type of seizure. There are different

Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which individuals have recurrent seizures. Seizures can occur in children and adults of any age. There are around 50 million people in the world who has the disorder. Individuals in developing countries are at a higher risk for developing the disorder. Seizures occur due to hyper-excitability and hyper-synchronization of neurons. Action potential transmits messages and it leads to depolarization. When neurons are uncontrollably depolarizes because of hyper-excitability due to too little inhibition, it cause a seizure. Seizures can last from a few seconds to a few minutes. As spontaneously they can develop is also as fast and spontaneous they can end.

Seizure is an abnormal electrical activity in a person's brain, seizures can occur on a daily basis. Others have them once every couple of months and many may have them every now and then or never if treated with medication. There are many types of seizure, for some seizures a person may become very stiff leading them to pass out and their whole body shakes, full body-seizures can reduce breathing, bite their tongues causing them to bleed,

British seizures were humiliating to Americans because they were much stronger than France. The British added impressment to these incitements. The Royal Navy seized British civilians and forced them into service. They also seized suspicious Royal Navy deserters from American merchant ships. Impressment was upsetting to American

Seizures are classified into two broad categories primarily generalized and partial seizures. A generalized seizure is characterized by loss of consciousness. There are several sub types of generalized seizure. The first is an absence seizure, this usually consist of brief spells of staring. This type of generalized seizure usually begins in early childhood and diminishes as the child grows older. However, absence seizures may continue until adulthood in some individuals (McKean, 2012). Next, myoclonic seizures are characterized by quick jerking movements. Atonic seizures display a sudden loss of tone and individuals frequently experience injuries related to falls. Generalized tonic clonic seizures display a tonic extension of extremities followed by clonic jerking. There can be variations of this type of seizure activity demonstrating either more tonic motion or clonic (McKean, 2012). Partial seizures initiate when there is an abnormal firing of neurons within the cerebral cortex. This area within the cerebral cortex dictates the symptoms of the seizure activity. A partial seizure can develop into a general seizure if both hemispheres are involved (McKean, 2012). Partial seizures are subdivided into simple and complex. In a complex partial seizure, the individual loses conciseness and has symptoms like lip smacking, staring, picking at clothes, walking around aimlessly. In a simple partial seizure the individual is awake and aware of the episode. The individual may

Epilepsy Research Paper People most often associate violent twitching, falling to the floor and drooling with epilepsy. However the described event is only one kind of an epileptic seizure, which is called a tonic-clonic seizure. There are many other kinds of seizures, and each has different sets of signs and symptoms. During generalized seizures the whole brain is affected and the initial symptom is loss of consciousness. This category includes such seizures as absence seizure, myoclonic seizure, and atonic attack.

People uneducated about Epilepsy may have confused thoughts on what it really is. People have these "notions," which are partly or entirely not true. So, throughout this research paper, these notions will be proven untrue, mostly by factual information given by

Epilepsy is a relatively common neurological condition which disrupts the electrical activity of the brain and causes sudden, recurrent seizures. Partial seizures are the most common, and occur on only one side of the brain rather than travelling across the corpus callosum into the other hemisphere. These partial seizures generally originate in the temporal lobe, an important area for memory, language, and auditory/sensory processing. In a group of epilepsy conditions known as reflex epilepsies, seizures can be triggered by several different stimuli. Musicogenic epilepsy is a rare type of reflexive epilepsy in which patients experience seizures after listening, thinking, or dreaming about music. In a 2008 study some patients reported seizures

Epilepsy, also called seizure disorder, chronic brain disorder that briefly interrupts the normal electrical activity of the brain to cause seizures, characterized by a variety of symptoms including uncontrolled movements of the body, disorientation or confusion, sudden fear, or loss of consciousness. Epilepsy may result from a head injury, stroke, brain tumor, lead poisoning, genetic conditions, or severe infections like meningitis or encephalitis. In over 70 percent of cases no cause for epilepsy were identified. About 1 percent of the world population, or over 2 million people, are diagnosed with epilepsy.

-Abnormal routine EEG: showing sharps and spikes at the left temporal region with extension to left frontal central region

In the article “Epilepsy: Diagnosis and Management” by Dr. Marcelo Lancman, he provides evidence about the categories, focal points of epilepsy and the importance of proper and critical diagnosis and characteristics of seizures. Overtime, information about the different types of epilepsy were categorized based on the motor development and movements during an episode or the alteration in senses such as smell, hearing, sight and hallucinations. This could potentially affect the thought processing, emotion and memory center of the brain. The most sufficient testing used today to diagnosis a patient with true epilepsy or “non-epileptic events” is through an electroencephalogram (EEG) and Video EEG Monitoring. These activities determine the brain waves and the spike in certain waves creating the focal point for the seizure during the duration of a short or long period of time depending on when the seizure takes place. Furthermore, finding the cause is potentially the most important part of this study for example Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) testing to analyze a highly detailed picture of

Some symptoms of epilepsy are having abnormal smells or taste, butterflies in the stomach, or hallucinations. Some people also have déjà vu or jamais vu, others have the inability to speak, a convulsion, or even an intense feeling a seizure is going to happen. Partial seizure symptoms include involuntary muscle twitching, vision or sensory changes, dizziness, and if it’s a complex partial, the person may lose conciseness. All people have different types of seizures. The two basic types are epileptic and nonepileptic. There are lots of other types. One of them is a partial seizure. Simple partial seizures only effect a small part of the brain whereas Jacksonian seizure effect the whole body by spreading around it. In complex partial seizure the person’s conscience is impaired or they could have the rare Epilepsia Partalis Continua. Like the complex partial seizure, generalized seizures may lose conscience. Losing conscience doesn’t happen with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Instead the body muscles alternate between contracting and relaxing. Muscle contraction also occurs in status epilepticus. Status Epilepticus is a most serious disorder and it doesn’t stop. During it the person can’t breathe adequately and their body temperature increases. With reflex epilepsy the seizure can be triggered with repetitive sounds, flashing lights, video games, and even by just touching certain parts of the person’s body. Two other types of seizures are Unprovoked seizure, which are created by natural causes, genetic factors, and metabolic imbalances, and Provoked seizures, which are caused by a brain injury or a stroke. These different seizures are treated varying with reason of the seizure. Some are treated with drugs and if the drugs don’t work the doctors do surgery. Other seizures are treated with devices, dietary changes, or anticonvulsants, which stop about one third of people’s

Epilepsy is a condition in which a person has two or more seizures affecting a variety of mental and physical functions. Epilepsy is one of the oldest conditions of the human race. Epilepsy Awareness is important because Epilepsy is a widely misunderstood disorder. The reason that Epilepsy has been misunderstood has been mainly due to research not being conducted until the middle of the nineteenth century. There are six main types of seizures and many treatments that can assist an epileptic patient. Many facts and myths exist about a person who has Epilepsy, which, is why it is an important disorder to understand. A person living with Epilepsy can typically have a normal life after seeking medical advice from doctors.