4. Forensic Analysis in the Cloud Environment Cloud Forensics combines cloud computing and digital forensics. It is concerned with computer forensics with some consideration to network/intrusion forensics. Computer forensic focus on using procedures to create audit trails based on the residing data. Network forensic focus on analyzing network traffic and gathering information by monitoring that traffic to extract or collect information that might be considered a possible evidence. Intrusion forensic is concerned with investigating possible intrusions to computers or networks [4] [5]. A Cloud crime is any crime where a Cloud might be the object of, subject of, or tool used in that crime [12]. The Cloud is the object when the CSP is the target of the crime act, the subject when it’s where the crime was committed, and the tool if it is used to conduct or plan the crime, where a Cloud that is used to attack another cloud is called a Dark Cloud. Cloud forensics isn’t necessarily carried on when there’s only a crime. There are several usages of the cloud forensics [12][20], which include: Investigations – when a cloud crime or a security violation takes place, where there’s collaboration with the law fore to investigate suspected transactions and operations to provide admissible evidence to the court. Troubleshooting – to target different problems and trace events and hosts to find the root cause of certain events, preventing repeated incidents, assessing the performance of
Digital forensics (sometimes Digital forensic science) is a branch of forensic science encompassing the recovery and investigation of material found in digital devices, often in relation to computer crime.[1][2] The term digital forensics was originally used as a synonym for computer forensics but has expanded to cover all devices capable of storing digital data and is now used to describe the entire field.[1] The discipline evolved in a haphazard manner during the 1990s and it was not until the early 2000s that national policies were created.
For this reason, it is imperative that the information gathered is reliable and accurate to ensure the evidence collected can be utilized by the digital forensic investigator for the current case (Ingalls & Rodriguez, 2011). Additionally, cyber incidents require digital forensic investigators to interview various individuals regarding the information needed for the case. According to the National Institute of Justice (2004), interviewing the system administrator, users, and employees of an organization regarding a cyber incident would provide investigators with valuable information; for example, user accounts, email accounts, network configuration, logs, and passwords. Furthermore, for digital forensic investigators to conduct an effective interview, they must have the proper tools and training to employ the interview process. For instance, formal procedures or instructions should be developed and implemented to ensure that the investigator follows a standard during all investigations. Additionally, training should be provided to ensure that digital forensic investigators comprehend by what means to prepare, conduct, and evaluate an interview. Furthermore, resources should be made available for digital forensic investigators to accomplish their tasks; for example, recording devices and references. Also, definitions should be provided to the digital forensic investigators for
A computer forensic investigation typically includes the collection, examination, analysis, and reporting of data. These steps could have been used to extract and preserve the data in the U.S. versus AOL case. Collection involves seizing digital evidence. Examination is where techniques are applied in order to identify and extract data. Analysis is using the data and resources to prove a case (Brecht, 2015). Reporting involves presenting the documentation gathered during the investigation. Investigators use these steps to examine evidence that could be needed in a trial. Following these steps is one way to ensure that the findings are sound and admissible in court. “The purpose of a computer forensic examination is to recover data from computers seized as evidence in criminal investigations (Brecht, 2015)”. Forensic tools are used by investigators to provide their collection, indexing and detailed analysis
Digital crime has been on the increase due to the increasing use of computer and internet. This has led the investigators with another method of fighting this crime. This is Computer Forensics, a process of going into computer hard drive and capturing basic information the user believed it has been erased.
Computer forensics is a new area of crime investigation. However, it is an area of knowledge that is growing at a faster rate. Computer and network forensics investigators are professionals who are mainly trained on various investigation activities related to computer crime. They are trained on how to investigate computer crimes
Hello everyone, my name is Brett Dahmer. I am seeking a bachelor’s degree in Information Technology-Computer Networking option and my minor is Computer Forensics. Currently, I am unsure as to my expected graduation date due to working fulling time and only have the ability to take a few courses during any given semester. As for pets, I have one dog (she is about 10 pounds) and a cat (he is about 15-20 pounds). In regards to hobbies, I enjoy watching television and playing chess.
Digital forensics is almost like observing someone’s complete psyche, you see that person likes and dislike. You are viewing their hates and love; you are finding things they don’t want to share with anyone else in the entire world. Using digital forensics is extremely perplexing with the obligation of interpreting the digital forensics that are located in an investigation.
Computer forensics is the process that applies computer science and technology to collect and analyze evidence which is crucial and admissible to cyber investigations (Sindhu & Meshram, 2012). Adding the ability to practice sound computer forensics will help ensure the overall integrity and survivability of an organization’s network infrastructure (U.S. Cert, 2008). In this paper, we review a number of scenarios where computer forensics is necessary. We determine good sources of data for each scenario, and determine which would be optimal.
Virtualization itself poses road blocks, for example, as it enables a vast amount of information to be compiled which must be sorted through during an examination. Cloud computing can also be a disadvantage from a digital forensic viewpoint. Deleted data that may contain vital information has a higher likelihood of being overwritten because the cloud can be a shared, multitenant environment allowing servers and storage devices to be shared among many different customers. In addition, the fluidity of data within a cloud poses challenges for investigators who need to know where to physically look for information before anything can be done
The field of forensic analysis is comprised of professionals from numerous different backgrounds. Due to how heavily involved the forensic department is in determining a suspect or victim’s fate, there are numerous restrictions and lots of hesitation in implementing changes. As a result, it is often difficult to make changes or to implement new technology and methods into the forensic field, which in turn cause backlogging in cases and may cause emotional distress to individuals in the community affected by tragedies. It is in this light that this paper will discuss the many benefits of using ribonucleic acid (RNA), as a method of forensic analysis in ways that are currently
The organization has defined procedure for the identification, collection, acquisition, preservation of information that will be utilized as evidence. Evidence identifies unauthorized changes and helps reconstruct the activities involved in an incident. Forensic analysis can be used to determine and subsequently understand the extent to which a system or network has been compromised or otherwise affected. Due to the specialization of forensic analysis some organizations may choose to outsource these activities in order to transfer the responsibility.
On the other hand, the forensic investigators perform behavioural analysis. This is done by connecting the media to virtual instance(virtual machine) in virtual environment without the internet connectivity. Generally, this technique is very useful in order to identify and investigate about malware besides it will analyse the intention of malware.
In a world where technology is increasingly becoming the way of life, it was only a matter of time before crime was no longer just in the streets but happening online as well. Criminals now get a new approach to carry out their crimes with the use of computers. Since technology is more like a murder mystery than catching the bad guy in the act, a new discipline of forensics needed to be put into place. This is known as computer forensics. Forensic science is any science used for the purpose of law. In the case of computer forensics it is “the discipline that combines elements of law and computer science to collect and analyze data from computer systems, networks, wireless communications, and storage devices in a way that is admissible as evidence in a court of law” (U.S. Cert, 2008). Meaning if you do something illegal on the Internet it can be found.
The IoT will create unique circumstances in the already established digital forensic process. Trained, qualified professions execute digital forensic investigations with the assistance of tools and techniques to acquire and analyze data. These tools are carefully tested and reviewed by peers and experts before use in the field, to ensure the evidence collected with these tools will be accepted in a court of law. "Among the existing methodologies are the 4-stage Computer Forensic Investigative Process and the 13-stage Extended Model of Cybercrime Investigation" (Oriwoh 609). These methods outline the basic procedure for preparing, examining, presenting, and storing the evidence. IoT investigations will differ in the breadth, and technical
This article begins by describing that the cloud computing as computing model for future use generation. With the development of cloud computing, the characteristics of cloud computing such as on-demand self-service, resource pooling face various challenges which are legal, technical and organizational. The article also states that lot of issues are faced to conduct a digital investigation in cloud. The article discusses about the challenges faced by cloud forensics, open problems and solutions to particular research.